本文選題：認(rèn)知語(yǔ)言學(xué) + 隱喻�。� 參考：《東北財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：從傳統(tǒng)意義上講,隱喻和轉(zhuǎn)喻被看作是日常應(yīng)用很廣的修辭手段,尤其在文學(xué)和富有想象力的作品中。隱喻和轉(zhuǎn)喻不僅是兩種辭格,而且是人類重要的兩種思維方式,是人類認(rèn)識(shí)客觀世界的認(rèn)知方式。在過(guò)去的20年里,從哲學(xué)意義上來(lái)講,認(rèn)知語(yǔ)言學(xué)基于對(duì)世界的經(jīng)驗(yàn)現(xiàn)實(shí),它從一個(gè)全新的角度解讀隱喻和轉(zhuǎn)喻。認(rèn)知語(yǔ)言學(xué)理論認(rèn)為隱喻和轉(zhuǎn)喻是很重要的思維方式,是人們觀察和感知世界的基本工具。 正如論文題目所示,該論文旨在從認(rèn)知的視角研究隱喻和轉(zhuǎn)喻。隱喻和轉(zhuǎn)喻貫穿于人類的整個(gè)語(yǔ)言交際過(guò)程,影響我們的知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)、思維和行為方式。認(rèn)知隱喻是以事物間相似聯(lián)想為心理基礎(chǔ),認(rèn)知主體通過(guò)推理將一個(gè)概念域映射到另一個(gè)概念域,從而使得語(yǔ)句具有隱喻性；其主要功能是對(duì)事物的描述。轉(zhuǎn)喻是以事物間的鄰近聯(lián)想為基礎(chǔ),一般是發(fā)生同一概念域或事件域(同一個(gè)ICM或ECM)之中的,人們可用這個(gè)概念域或事件域中的組成要素互代,或組成要素與整體之間互代；其主要功能是對(duì)事物的指稱。他們作為人類的思維方式和認(rèn)知方式,兩者之間既有共同點(diǎn)但又存在不同點(diǎn)。首先看認(rèn)知隱喻和認(rèn)知轉(zhuǎn)喻的相同點(diǎn)。認(rèn)知語(yǔ)言學(xué)自20世紀(jì)80年代在美國(guó)和歐洲興起起來(lái),從人的認(rèn)知角度觀察和研究語(yǔ)言,認(rèn)為隱喻和轉(zhuǎn)喻都是人類重要的思維方式,是人類認(rèn)識(shí)客觀世界的重要手段。它們根植于人們的基本經(jīng)驗(yàn)之中,構(gòu)成人們?nèi)粘５乃伎己托袆?dòng)方式語(yǔ)言中的隱喻和轉(zhuǎn)喻是隨著人的認(rèn)知發(fā)展而產(chǎn)生的、創(chuàng)造性的思維能力,是認(rèn)知發(fā)展的高級(jí)階段,是人們認(rèn)知世界,特別是抽象事物不可缺少的一種認(rèn)知能力。同時(shí),認(rèn)知隱喻和轉(zhuǎn)喻的本質(zhì)都是概念性的,是一種自發(fā)的、無(wú)意識(shí)的認(rèn)知過(guò)程。 該論文以對(duì)隱喻和轉(zhuǎn)喻的總體介紹為開(kāi)始,包括研究背景、有待解決的問(wèn)題以及該研究的目的。然后簡(jiǎn)要介紹隱喻與轉(zhuǎn)喻在國(guó)內(nèi)外的研究現(xiàn)狀,之后是論文中涉及到的認(rèn)知語(yǔ)言學(xué)和Grice的合作原則等基本理論框架。該研究涉及的認(rèn)知語(yǔ)言學(xué)的基本理論基礎(chǔ)包括三種語(yǔ)言學(xué)觀點(diǎn)：經(jīng)驗(yàn)觀、突顯觀和注意觀以及三種主要的認(rèn)知語(yǔ)言學(xué)理論：理想認(rèn)知模型、格式塔理論和原型理論�；谏鲜鰧�(duì)認(rèn)知語(yǔ)言學(xué)的介紹,我們能容易理解什么是認(rèn)知方法。接著介紹的是概念隱喻和概念轉(zhuǎn)喻,它們的分類以及運(yùn)行機(jī)制。隱喻和轉(zhuǎn)喻的互動(dòng)性也要研究,因?yàn)殡m然隱喻和轉(zhuǎn)喻是兩個(gè)不同的認(rèn)知過(guò)程,但它們也可以共互相作用因此是不可忽視的。該部分是研究中最重要的一部分,是分析的核心。而我們研究的目的就是為了更好地理解說(shuō)話者得暗含意思,因此,Grice合作原則下的隱喻和轉(zhuǎn)喻應(yīng)該給予分析。Grice的合作原則在語(yǔ)用學(xué)中起著至關(guān)重要的作用,該理論的四個(gè)準(zhǔn)則能夠判斷出說(shuō)話者是否愿意與聽(tīng)話者合作以便使聽(tīng)話者清晰地理解說(shuō)話者的意思并相應(yīng)地做出行動(dòng)。隱喻和轉(zhuǎn)喻違反了四個(gè)準(zhǔn)則中的質(zhì)的原則,因此要對(duì)其進(jìn)行更一步的研究。經(jīng)過(guò)以上討論和分析之后,我們可以得出一個(gè)結(jié)論即：隱喻和轉(zhuǎn)喻不僅僅是修辭手段也是人類思考和行為的基本工具。它們能夠幫助我們借助具體和容易察覺(jué)的事物去理解抽象和復(fù)雜的事物。另外,這還有助于我們理解更為復(fù)雜的英文詞匯。
[Abstract]:In the traditional sense, metaphor and metonymy are regarded as a widely used rhetorical device, especially in literary and imaginative works. Metaphor and metonymy are not only two figures of speech, but also two important ways of thinking of human beings. It is a cognitive way of understanding the objective world by human beings. In the past 20 years, in the philosophical sense, Cognitive linguistics is based on the experience reality of the world. It interprets metaphor and metonymy from a new perspective. Cognitive linguistics holds that metaphor and metonymy are very important ways of thinking, and are the basic tools for people to observe and perceive the world.
As the topic of the paper shows, the thesis aims to study metaphor and metonymy from a cognitive perspective. Metaphor and metonymy penetrated the whole process of human communication, affecting our knowledge structure, thinking and behavior. Cognitive metaphors are based on similar associations between things, and the cognitive subject maps a conceptual domain to another through reasoning to another. A conceptual domain, thus making the statement metaphorical; its main function is the description of things. Metonymy is based on the adjacent association between things, usually in the same conceptual domain or event domain (the same ICM or ECM), and people can use the constituent elements of the conceptual or event domain to interplay, or make up the elements and the whole. Intergeneration; its main function is the reference to things. They have common but different points as human thinking and cognitive ways. First, it looks at the similarities between cognitive metaphor and cognitive metonymy. Cognitive linguistics has been observed and studied from the perspective of human cognition from the perspective of human cognition since 1980s in the United States and Ou Zhouxing. Language, it is thought that metaphor and metonymy are both important ways of thinking of human beings and an important means of understanding the objective world. They are rooted in the basic experience of people. The metaphor and metonymy in the language of people's daily thinking and action are produced with the development of human cognition. The creative thinking ability is the cognitive development. The advanced stage is an indispensable cognitive ability for people to recognize the world, especially the abstract things. At the same time, the nature of cognitive metaphor and metonymy is conceptual, a spontaneous and unconscious cognitive process.
This paper begins with a general introduction to metaphor and metonymy, including the research background, the problems to be solved and the purpose of the study. Then, it briefly introduces the research status of metaphor and metonymy at home and abroad, after which the basic theoretical framework of cognitive linguistics and the cooperative principle of Grice involved in the thesis. The basic theoretical basis of the theory of speech includes three linguistic perspectives: experience, prominence and attention and three main cognitive linguistic theories: ideal cognitive model, Gestalt theory and prototype theory. Conceptual metonymy, their classification and operation mechanism. The interaction of metaphor and metonymy also needs to be studied. Although metaphor and metonymy are two different cognitive processes, they can also be interacted with each other so that they can not be ignored. This part is the most important part of the study and the core of the analysis. To better understand the speaker's implied meaning, the metaphor and metonymy under the Grice cooperative principle should give the analysis of the cooperative principle of.Grice a vital role in pragmatics. The four principles of the theory can judge whether the speaker is willing to cooperate with the listener in order to make the listener clear the meaning of the speaker. And acting accordingly. Metaphor and metonymy violate the principles of the quality of the four principles, so we have to do a more step in the study. After the above discussion and analysis, we can draw a conclusion that metaphor and metonymy are not only the basic tools of human thinking and behavior. They can help us to borrow it. It helps to understand the abstract and complex things that are concrete and easy to perceive. In addition, it helps us to understand more complex English words.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：H05

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