本文選題：話題 + 話題化　； 參考：《河南師范大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：漢語中的話題,通常是指居于句首的名詞短語或類似于名詞短語的句子成分，與后面的句子中的某一位置有一定的聯(lián)系。話題是一個語用和話語概念，是說話雙方都知道的“舊”信息，即：此信息在前文中提到過，在當前話語中又重復(fù)提到。話題句也是現(xiàn)代漢語中常見的一種多產(chǎn)句式。話題化是現(xiàn)代漢語學(xué)界學(xué)術(shù)爭論頗多的熱點之一。 漢語話題句研究的核心問題在于話題是如何生成的，話題本身是否承擔(dān)獨立的句法角色。歷來語言學(xué)家通常從語義角度或從狹隘的句法層面來研究漢語中的話題，忽視了漢語自身獨有的特點。一些語言學(xué)家從句子的結(jié)構(gòu)出發(fā)，認為漢語中的話題是基礎(chǔ)生成的，其中具有代表性的有LiThompson (1976,1981),徐烈炯(1985,1986)，胡建華潘海華（2002）。他們認為漢語的話題不遵循Chomsky提出的毗鄰條件，并且話題結(jié)構(gòu)中的話題并不與述語中的空位或代詞同指，因此話題是語義允準，基礎(chǔ)生成的。而以石定栩（1998,2000），張孝榮（2009）為代表的生成語言學(xué)家則認為漢語話題的生成過程與英語中的話題生成過程類似，是移位所致。由于語言學(xué)界對話題的定義并不一致，石定栩在重新給話題定義的基礎(chǔ)上，指出漢語中的垂懸話題并不是真正的話題。但他們只研究了典型的話題結(jié)構(gòu)，排除了垂懸話題在漢語中的存在。而以黃正德（2008），顧鋼（2001a，2006）為代表的語言學(xué)家則認為漢語中的話題部分基礎(chǔ)生成，部分移位所致。本研究嘗試用復(fù)制移位理論解釋漢語中的非垂懸話題及垂懸話題的結(jié)構(gòu)及其生成過程，并解釋回指代詞在漢語話題結(jié)構(gòu)中的應(yīng)用，研究的目的是為兩種話題結(jié)構(gòu)提供統(tǒng)一的解釋。 本研究利用Chomsky（1993）提出的復(fù)制移位理論，論證了漢語非垂懸話題與英語話題的生成機制的類似性，兩者都是移位生成的，話題通過述語中的空位或回指代詞得到允準；漢語的垂懸話題同樣是移位所致，其線性表現(xiàn)形式涉及到介詞脫落。此外，根據(jù)漢語自身獨有的特點，本文還論述了漢語話題在語音層面的不同實現(xiàn)情況，，指出TueTrinh (2009)提出的Constraints on Copy Deletion在漢語話題的刪除方面同樣適用。 根據(jù)最簡方案精神，詞庫中每個詞項都是不同特征的集合，包括詞項的范疇特征，語義特征及句法特征。在這些特征中，有些是可解釋性的，有些則不是。Radford (2009)進一步發(fā)展了Rizzi (1997)提出的CP分裂假說，參與生成過程中的TopP的Spec具有強特征，該位置作為target對述語中具有[-uTop]特征的成分具有吸引力，使其移位至該位置，兩者的特征得到核查。因此，本文認為漢語中話題的生成過程就是復(fù)制及移位和特征核查的過程。
[Abstract]:A topic in Chinese usually refers to a noun phrase at the beginning of a sentence or a sentence element similar to a noun phrase, which is related to a certain position in the following sentence. The topic is a concept of pragmatics and utterance, which is the "old" information known to both the speaker and the speaker, that is, this information is mentioned in the previous article and repeated in the current discourse. Topic sentence is also a common prolific sentence pattern in modern Chinese. Topicalization is one of the hot topics in the academic debate of modern Chinese. The core problem of Chinese topic sentence research lies in how the topic is generated and whether the topic itself plays an independent syntactic role. Linguists have always studied Chinese topics from a semantic point of view or from a narrow syntactic level, ignoring the unique features of Chinese itself. From the perspective of sentence structure, some linguists think that the topic in Chinese is generated on the basis of its basis, among which the representative ones are LiThompson 1976-1981, Xu Li-jiong, 1985 / 1986, Hu Jianhua, Pan Hai-hua, 2002. They think that the topic in Chinese does not follow the adjoining condition proposed by Chomsky, and the topic in the topic structure is not synonymous with the empty or pronoun in the predicate, so the topic is semantically permitted and generated on the basis. On the other hand, the generative linguists, such as Shi Ding Xu (1998 / 2000) and Zhang Xiaorong (2009), believe that the process of topic generation in Chinese is similar to that in English and is caused by shift. Because the definition of topic is not consistent in linguists, Shi Dingxu points out that hanging topic in Chinese is not a real topic on the basis of redefining topic. But they only studied the typical topic structure and ruled out the hanging topic in Chinese. The linguists, such as Huang Zhengde (2008) and Gu Gang (2001a / 2006), believe that the topic in Chinese is partly generated and partly displaced. This study attempts to explain the structure and formation process of non-pendent topics and pendant topics in Chinese by replicating shift theory, and to explain the application of anaphora pronouns in Chinese topic structure. The purpose of the study is to provide a unified explanation for the two topic structures. Based on the replicative shift theory proposed by Chomsky1993, this study demonstrates the similarity between the generation mechanism of Chinese non-hanging topic and English topic, both of which are generated by shift, and the topic is allowed by the empty or anaphora pronoun in the predicate. The hanging topic in Chinese is also caused by shift, and its linear expression is related to preposition shedding. In addition, according to the unique characteristics of Chinese, this paper also discusses the different realization of Chinese topics at the phonetic level, and points out that Constraints on Copy Deletion proposed by TueTrinh / 2009 is also suitable for the deletion of Chinese topics. According to the spirit of the minimalist scheme, each word item in the thesaurus is a collection of different features, including the category feature, semantic feature and syntactic feature of the word item. Among these characteristics, some are interpretable, others are not. Radford / 2009). The CP splitting hypothesis proposed by Rizzi / 1997) is further developed. The Spec of TopP involved in the process of generation has strong characteristics. This position, as a target, is attractive to the elements of the predicate with [-uTop] characteristics, which make them shift to the position, and the features of both are verified. Therefore, this paper argues that the process of topic generation in Chinese is the process of reproduction and shift and feature checking.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：H146

【參考文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 顧鋼;話題和焦點的句法分析[J];天津師范大學(xué)學(xué)報(社會科學(xué)版);2001年01期

本文編號：1793213