本文選題：海外華語 + “有”字句��； 參考：《南京大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：作為現(xiàn)代漢語的域外變體,馬來西亞華語在許多方面都有別于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)普通話。本論文以馬來西亞華語語法為研究對(duì)象,被研究的四類句型是“有”字句、“把”字句、“被”句以及差比句。 本論文通過問卷調(diào)查以及語料調(diào)查來揭示以上四種句型在馬來西亞華語和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)普通話之間的語法差異,并探討馬來西亞境內(nèi)的其它語言對(duì)馬來西亞華語的影響,其中包括馬來西亞境內(nèi)的粵方言、客方言、閩方言、英語以及馬來西亞語。 本論文一共分為七章。第一章緒論,描述馬來西亞華語概況,同時(shí)敘述馬來西亞華語的研究、研究意義和本論文所使用的研究理論；第二章涉及研究方案,交代本論文的研究目的是嘗試揭示馬來西亞華語與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)普通話的一些隱性語法差異、120個(gè)研究對(duì)象的身份背景；說明本論文的調(diào)查問卷之問卷設(shè)計(jì),包括問卷測(cè)試的目的、問卷問題設(shè)定的準(zhǔn)則以及問卷問題的內(nèi)容；還對(duì)調(diào)查方式與過程、數(shù)據(jù)的統(tǒng)計(jì)分析方式和一些基本的分析結(jié)果加以敘述；第三章論述“有”字句。調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示馬來西亞華語學(xué)習(xí)者對(duì)于“有”字句的掌握能力比較弱,對(duì)“有”字的多重語義了解不深,并且普遍認(rèn)為“有+動(dòng)詞”是符合現(xiàn)代漢語語法的句法結(jié)構(gòu)。這種“有+動(dòng)詞”結(jié)構(gòu)源自古代漢語,它被保留在漢語方言里,因?yàn)槎嗾Z交融而被廣泛地運(yùn)用在馬來西亞華語里。在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)普通話里,“有+動(dòng)詞”并不是一個(gè)符合現(xiàn)代漢語語法的句法結(jié)構(gòu)；第四章探討“把”字句。調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示馬來西亞華語學(xué)習(xí)者雖然對(duì)“把”字句擁有良好的判斷能力,卻更偏向于使用“將”字句和“主語+動(dòng)詞+賓語”結(jié)構(gòu)來表達(dá)處置義的句子�！皩ⅰ弊志溆捎谌鄙倭酥率沽x和對(duì)待義而不能完全代替“把”字句�！爸髡Z+動(dòng)詞+賓語”句法結(jié)構(gòu)則無法彰顯強(qiáng)烈的表現(xiàn)意義；第五章討論“被”字句。調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示馬來西亞華語學(xué)習(xí)者對(duì)“被”字句的運(yùn)用并不十分熟悉與了解。在馬來西亞華語里,“給”字句經(jīng)常代替“被”字句作為表被動(dòng)義的句式。被動(dòng)義“給”源自于南方官話,后來被馬來西亞華語沿用至今。馬來西亞華語學(xué)習(xí)者也常�；粍�(dòng)句為主動(dòng)句,從而避開使用“被”字句；第六章探討差比句。調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示馬來西亞華語學(xué)習(xí)者的否定式差比句比肯定式差比句的掌握能力弱一些。馬來西亞華語學(xué)習(xí)者在作比較之時(shí),更偏愛用“形容詞+過”句式。第七章則是研究結(jié)論：(1)馬來西亞華語與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)普通話的確有語法上的差異；(2)根據(jù)問卷調(diào)查顯示,馬來西亞華語學(xué)習(xí)者并不完全了解與掌握標(biāo)準(zhǔn)普通話的語法,這包括“有”字句、“把”字句、“被”字句以及差比句的句法結(jié)構(gòu)；(3)在“有”字句研究方面,“有+動(dòng)詞”句式經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在馬來西亞華語里,盡管它在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)普通話里還不算是個(gè)正式的用法；(4)在“把”字句研究方面,“將”字句取代“把”字句作為處置標(biāo)記的現(xiàn)象發(fā)生于馬來西亞；(5)在“被”字句研究方面,“給”字句取代“被”字句作為被動(dòng)標(biāo)記的現(xiàn)象發(fā)生于馬來西亞；(6)在差比句研究方面,“比較主體+動(dòng)詞+過+比較客體”句式經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在馬來西亞華語里；(7)總的來說,馬來西亞華語比標(biāo)準(zhǔn)普通話更“文”,書面語色彩比較濃,特別是“有”字句、處置句以及被動(dòng)句,因?yàn)樗鼈兝^承與發(fā)展古代漢語的語法現(xiàn)象。 本論文的不足之處包括語料覆蓋面還有待進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)展；以及對(duì)語法知識(shí)的描寫還有待進(jìn)一步細(xì)化。
[Abstract]:As an out - of - the - art variant of modern Chinese , the Chinese language of Malaysia is different from standard Mandarin in many ways . The thesis is based on the Chinese grammar of Malaysia . The four types of sentences studied are " have " , " put " the word , " sentence " and the difference ratio .

This paper reveals the grammatical differences between the above four types of Chinese and standard Mandarin by questionnaire and corpus investigation , and probes into the influence of other languages on Chinese language in Malaysia , including Cantonese dialect , Hakka dialect , Min dialect , English and Malay language in Malaysia .

This thesis is divided into seven chapters . The first chapter introduces the general situation of Chinese language in Malaysia , and describes the research , research significance and the research theory used in this thesis .
The second chapter deals with the research project , and the purpose of this thesis is to try to reveal some tacit grammatical differences between Malaysian Chinese and standard Mandarin , and the identity background of 120 research objects ;
Describe the questionnaire design of the questionnaire , including the purpose of the questionnaire , the criteria set by the questionnaire and the contents of the questionnaire .
The way of investigation and process , the statistical analysis of data and some basic analysis results are also described .
The results show that Chinese learners of Chinese language are weak in the ability to master the words " with " , and it is generally accepted that " there are + verbs " are syntactic structures conforming to the grammar of modern Chinese . This " + verb " structure is derived from ancient Chinese , which is widely used in Chinese dialect because of the blending of the multilingual . In standard Mandarin , " + verb " is not a syntactic structure conforming to the grammar of modern Chinese .
In the fourth chapter , the results show that Chinese - language learners in Malaysia , while having good judgment ability , are more inclined to use the word " to use " and " subject + verb + object " structure to express their meaning .
In the Chinese language of Malaysia , the words " give " often replace the words " used " as the passive meaning of the table . The passive meaning " gives " the word " originated in the south and later used by the Chinese language in Malaysia .
In the sixth chapter , the author discusses the difference comparison sentence . The results show that the negative difference of the Chinese language learners in Malaysia is weaker than that of the sentence . In comparison , the Chinese language learners prefer to use " adjective + " periods . Chapter 7 is the study conclusion : ( 1 ) There are grammatical differences between the Malaysian Chinese language and the standard Mandarin .
( 2 ) According to the questionnaire , the Chinese language learners in Malaysia don ' t fully understand and master the grammar of standard Mandarin , which includes the sentence structure of words , words , words and sentences ;
( 3 ) In the study of " Yes " , the sentence pattern of " with + verb " often appears in the Chinese language of Malaysia , although it is not a formal usage in standard Mandarin ;
( 4 ) In the aspect of " putting " the words into Malaysia , the word " to replace " the word " with " as a disposal mark occurs in Malaysia ;
( 5 ) In the study of the word " be " , the phenomenon of " giving " the word " substituted " as a passive mark occurs in Malaysia ;
( 6 ) In the research of the contrast sentence , the sentence pattern of " comparative subject + verb + over + comparison object " often appears in the Chinese language of Malaysia ;
( 7 ) Generally speaking , the Chinese language of Malaysia is more " Wen " than standard Mandarin , and the written language is richer , especially " with " words , disposition sentences and passive sentences , because they inherit and develop the grammar phenomenon of ancient Chinese .

The shortcomings of this paper include that the coverage of corpus is still to be further expanded .
and further refinement of the description of the grammar knowledge .

【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：H195

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 洪麗芬;馬來西亞華人和語言[J];八桂僑刊;2005年04期

2 周長銀;現(xiàn)代漢語給字句的生成句法研究[J];當(dāng)代語言學(xué);2000年03期

3 朱德熙;與動(dòng)詞“給”相關(guān)的句法問題[J];方言;1979年02期

4 黃雪貞;客家方言的詞匯和語法特點(diǎn)[J];方言;1994年04期

5 李藍(lán);現(xiàn)代漢語方言差比句的語序類型[J];方言;2003年03期

6 張潛;“被”字句研究概述[J];南京師范�？茖W(xué)校學(xué)報(bào);1999年03期

7 石毓智;;兼表被動(dòng)和處置的“給”的語法化[J];世界漢語教學(xué);2004年03期

8 郭熙;;關(guān)于華文教學(xué)當(dāng)?shù)鼗娜舾蓡栴}[J];世界漢語教學(xué);2008年02期

9 伍文英,夏俐萍;現(xiàn)代漢語的“有+VP”格式[J];邵陽學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào);2002年05期

10 易正中;“有”字句研究[J];天津師大學(xué)報(bào)(社會(huì)科學(xué)版);1994年03期

，

本文編號(hào)：1785294