本文選題：缺省默認 + 突顯理論��； 參考：《長沙理工大學》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：缺省默認是指言語中存在缺省、而交際雙方共同默認的一種非常普遍的言語現(xiàn)象。它是一種特殊的省略形式，其特殊性表現(xiàn)在無法從上下文中直接找到所省略的部分。古往今來，國內(nèi)外學者從不同的視角對省略進行了大量的研究，但主要是從句法和修辭等角度來展開，缺乏從認知的角度對省略現(xiàn)象進行研究，尤其沒有對缺省默認這一特殊的言語現(xiàn)象進行認知研究。隨著認知語言學的發(fā)展，認知語言學家提出了多種理論對語言進行認知解讀，這些認知語言學理論對缺省默認的闡釋很有裨益。 文章運用認知語言學理論中的“突顯理論”，結(jié)合其主要參數(shù)視角，，運用反映突顯理論的主要運作機制“圖形--背景理論”，對言語中的缺省默認現(xiàn)象進行認知分析和研究。 文章指出，缺省默認作為背景，與突顯是相輔相成的統(tǒng)一體。突顯與缺省看似一對矛盾體，其實二者互為映照，互為補充。人們在觀察某一事物時，因為事物的某一方面因視角的選擇而得以突顯，其它方面則處于隱伏的狀態(tài)被缺省，缺省的部分是背景，突顯的部分是圖形，也就是呈現(xiàn)在讀者面前的帶有缺省默認的語言表現(xiàn)形式。 文章發(fā)現(xiàn)，缺省默認的產(chǎn)生必須遵循一定的原則，即：1）信息有效性編碼原則。強調(diào)在編碼過程中，缺省默認的運用能使語言表達精煉、行文簡潔、交際高效；2）省力原則。交際過程中，無論是發(fā)話者還是受話者不但都希望交際成功，而且還希望盡量縮小為話語所付出的努力；3）合作原則。在運用缺省默認的語篇交際中，發(fā)話者必須充分考慮受話者的知識儲備和語境因素；4）相關(guān)原則。在缺省默認語篇的解碼中，必須找出話題和語境的最佳關(guān)聯(lián)，通過語境的關(guān)聯(lián)性對缺省部分來回梳理，縝密推導，合理篩選，以便在文本轉(zhuǎn)換中準確地填補語義空位，實現(xiàn)翻譯的等效性。 文章認為，突顯理論對主語、謂語、賓語和結(jié)構(gòu)詞的缺省默認的識解很有說服力：動作的執(zhí)行者，作為背景缺省默認，而動作行為本身作為圖形而得以突顯；動作的執(zhí)行者和接受者之間的謂語動詞缺省默認，主語和賓語得以突顯；動作的接受者作為背景缺省默認，動作行為得以突顯；結(jié)構(gòu)詞的缺省默認，突顯的是小句。 運用突顯理論對缺省默認語篇進行認知分析，不但符合認知法則，而且切實可行。
[Abstract]:Default is a very common verbal phenomenon in which there is default in speech, and mutual acquiescence in communication. It is a special form of ellipsis, and its particularity is that the omitted parts can not be directly found from the context. From ancient to present, scholars at home and abroad have done a lot of research on ellipsis from different perspectives, but mainly from syntactic and rhetorical angles, lacking of studying ellipsis from the perspective of cognition. In particular, there is no cognitive study of default as a special verbal phenomenon. With the development of cognitive linguistics, cognitive linguists have proposed a variety of theories for cognitive interpretation of language. These cognitive linguistic theories are helpful to the default interpretation. Based on the theory of salience in the theory of cognitive linguistics and the perspective of its main parameters, this paper makes a cognitive analysis and research on the default phenomenon in speech by using the graph-background theory, which is the main operating mechanism of the theory of salience. The article points out that default as a background, and highlight is complementary to the unity. Salience and default appear to be a pair of contradictions, in fact, they are mutual reflection and complement each other. When people look at something, because one aspect of the thing is highlighted by the choice of visual angle, the other aspects are hidden by default, the default part is the background, the highlight part is the figure, This is the default language representation presented to the reader. It is found that default generation must follow a certain principle, that is, the principle of information validity coding. In the coding process, the default default application can make the language concise, concise, communication efficient and 2) labor-saving principle. In the process of communication, both the speaker and the addressee not only want to succeed in communication, but also want to minimize the efforts made for the utterance. In the application of default default discourse communication, the speaker must take full account of the knowledge reserve and contextual factors of the addressee. In the decoding of default text, we must find out the best relevance of topic and context, combing back and forth the default part through the relevance of context, deducing it carefully and sifting reasonably, in order to fill the semantic vacancy accurately in the text conversion. To realize the equivalence of translation. This paper holds that the default interpretation of subject, predicate, object and structure words by salience theory is persuasive: the executor of the action is the default default of the background, while the action behavior itself is highlighted as the figure; The default of predicate verb between the executor and receiver of the action, the default of subject and object, the default of action as the default of background, the default of action, the default of structural word, the prominent clause. The application of salience theory to the cognitive analysis of default texts is not only consistent with cognitive principles but also feasible.
【學位授予單位】：長沙理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：H030

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