本文選題：混合方言 + 深度接觸　； 參考：《復(fù)旦大學(xué)》2012年博士論文

【摘要】：在最近二三十年中,由于接觸語(yǔ)言學(xué)理論在漢語(yǔ)方言研究中的引進(jìn)和應(yīng)用,越來(lái)越多的學(xué)者嘗試用“混合方言(或混合型方言、混合性方言等)”這個(gè)概念來(lái)解決在方言分區(qū)、方言系屬等研究中遇到的問(wèn)題。然而,對(duì)于混合方言的定義、分類和特點(diǎn)等問(wèn)題一直鮮有人探討。本文從“深度接觸”這一概念出發(fā),探討與所謂“混合方言”相關(guān)的一系列理論和具體問(wèn)題。 全文共分六章。 第一章為緒論,首先介紹了本文寫作的緣由,然后回顧了國(guó)內(nèi)外相關(guān)研究的概況�；旌戏窖匝芯繉儆诮佑|語(yǔ)言學(xué)的一部分。語(yǔ)言接觸的研究雖然歷史悠久,但接觸語(yǔ)言學(xué)的歷史才不過(guò)五六十年,而對(duì)方言接觸的研究可以說(shuō)方興未艾。國(guó)外在混合方言研究方面最主要的成果是關(guān)于柯因內(nèi)語(yǔ)的理論。國(guó)內(nèi)對(duì)混合方言的研究有兩個(gè)主要特點(diǎn)。第一,從屬于方言分區(qū)研究；第二,重應(yīng)用而輕理論。最后介紹了本文的研究思路、章節(jié)安排和語(yǔ)料來(lái)源等。 第二章討論深度接觸的定義、判定和分類。首先,我們討論了方言的定義、演變模式和分化等問(wèn)題,指出在實(shí)際研究中,方言接觸是方言演變不可忽視的因素。然后,我們進(jìn)行了混合方言理論和應(yīng)用的檢討,發(fā)現(xiàn)國(guó)外對(duì)混合方言尚無(wú)明確的定義,而國(guó)內(nèi)往往錯(cuò)誤地視為方言層次的克里奧耳語(yǔ),而且把混合方言和方言系屬的判斷混淆起來(lái)。前者是討論方言的接觸關(guān)系,后者是討論方言的發(fā)生學(xué)關(guān)系,可以對(duì)立統(tǒng)一起來(lái)。經(jīng)過(guò)討論,我們認(rèn)為,混合方言這一概念缺乏明確的判定標(biāo)準(zhǔn),不能進(jìn)行定量分析,容易引起爭(zhēng)議,因此提出采用“深度接觸”這一術(shù)語(yǔ)來(lái)指代這種兼有多種方言特征的現(xiàn)象。 我們認(rèn)為應(yīng)該用語(yǔ)音標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來(lái)判定深度接觸現(xiàn)象。如果至少發(fā)生包含一個(gè)音類的音值轉(zhuǎn)移或音類調(diào)整現(xiàn)象,我們就稱之為深度接觸,發(fā)生深度接觸現(xiàn)象的方言則稱為深度接觸方言。接觸的兩種基本方式是修補(bǔ)式接觸和重建式接觸,基礎(chǔ)方言、接觸方言、底層方言和目的方言則是與之相對(duì)應(yīng)的術(shù)語(yǔ)。最后討論深度接觸的分類,指出要按參與方言是否能通話以及接觸方式的不同進(jìn)行分類。 第三章討論了深度借用型方言。首先從語(yǔ)音要素和借用方式等角度對(duì)深度借用現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行了分類說(shuō)明,然后通過(guò)兩個(gè)個(gè)案分析說(shuō)明深度借用型方言的特點(diǎn)。一個(gè)是廣西博白縣旺茂鎮(zhèn)和三灘鎮(zhèn)地佬話,屬于粵語(yǔ)和客家話的深度借用型方言。另一個(gè)是廣西玉林市茂林閩南話,屬于閩語(yǔ)和粵語(yǔ)的深度借用型方言。 第四章討論了深度干擾型方言。首先討論了深度干擾和深度借用的區(qū)別,指出應(yīng)根據(jù)第二方言的性質(zhì)來(lái)界定深度干擾。然后討論了干擾方式的分類。最后通過(guò)兩個(gè)個(gè)案分析來(lái)說(shuō)明深度干擾型方言的特點(diǎn)。一個(gè)是廣西欽州正話,屬于粵語(yǔ)干擾官話的深度干擾型方言。另一個(gè)是浙江開化縣華埠官話,是講吳語(yǔ)的人轉(zhuǎn)用官話并發(fā)生深度干擾形成的深度干擾型方言。 第五章討論了柯因內(nèi)化和中心城鎮(zhèn)趨同。首先介紹了柯因內(nèi)化的特點(diǎn),指出柯因內(nèi)化和普通深度接觸的區(qū)別在于前者發(fā)生在可通話的方言之間,并且是通過(guò)一個(gè)較快速的接觸過(guò)程形成的。然后通過(guò)對(duì)江蘇句容磨盤話和福建廈門話的個(gè)案分析來(lái)說(shuō)明柯因內(nèi)化的特點(diǎn)。接下來(lái)討論中心城鎮(zhèn)趨同,所謂中心城鎮(zhèn)方言趨同,是指在同一個(gè)行政區(qū)內(nèi),可通話的中心城鎮(zhèn)方言和各地方言相比,中心城鎮(zhèn)方言語(yǔ)言特征最少或者兼有各地方言的特征。這是地區(qū)方言趨同的一種典型現(xiàn)象。最后通過(guò)廣西北流方言和江蘇蘇州話的個(gè)案分析來(lái)說(shuō)明中心城鎮(zhèn)方言趨同的特點(diǎn)。 第六章討論了基于各大方言的深度接觸方言。所謂“基于”是指以某方言為基礎(chǔ)方言發(fā)生修補(bǔ)式接觸形成的深度借用型方言或以某方言為底層方言發(fā)生重建式接觸形成的深度干擾型方言。各大方言是指官話方言、吳語(yǔ)、湘語(yǔ)、贛語(yǔ)、客家話、粵語(yǔ)和閩語(yǔ)七大方言。主要是實(shí)踐深度接觸方言的判定工作,一共討論了59種方言。 最后進(jìn)行總結(jié)。本文的創(chuàng)新之處在于,對(duì)混合方言的現(xiàn)有理論和應(yīng)用進(jìn)行了總結(jié)和批判,并提出深度接觸這一術(shù)語(yǔ),用以指代混合方言現(xiàn)象,對(duì)深度接觸方言的定義、分類、判定和特點(diǎn)等問(wèn)題提出了自己的看法。
[Abstract]:In the last two or thirty years , because of the introduction and application of the theory of contact linguistics in the research of the Chinese dialect , more and more scholars have tried to solve the problems encountered in the study of dialect partitions and dialect systems by using the concept of " mixed dialect ( or mixed dialect , mixed dialect , etc . ) . However , the definition , classification and characteristics of the mixed dialect have been discussed . However , the paper discusses a series of theories and specific problems related to the so - called " mixed dialect " from the concept of " deep contact " .

The full text is divided into six chapters .

The first chapter is the introduction , first introduces the reasons for the writing of this paper , then reviews the general situation of the relevant research at home and abroad . The study of the mixed dialect belongs to the part of the contact linguistics . The research on the contact of the language is only fifty - six decades , but the research on the contact of the dialect can be said to be the most important .
Second , the light theory of heavy application is introduced . Finally , the paper introduces the research thinking , chapter arrangement and the source of corpus .

In the second chapter , we discuss the definition , judgment and classification of the depth contact . First , we discuss the definition , evolution pattern and differentiation of dialect .

We think we should use the speech standard to determine the depth contact phenomenon . If there is at least one sound value transfer or sound class adjustment phenomenon involving one sound class , we call it the depth contact , and the dialect of the depth contact phenomenon is called the depth contact dialect . The two basic ways of contact are the patch type contact and the reconstruction type contact , the basic dialect , the contact dialect , the bottom dialect and the destination dialect are the corresponding terminologies . In the end , the classification of the depth contact is discussed , and it is pointed out that it is necessary to classify according to whether the participating dialect can call and the contact mode .

The third chapter discusses the deep borrowing dialect . Firstly , the author classifies the deep borrowing phenomenon from the angle of phonetic elements and borrowing ways , and then analyses the characteristics of the deep borrowing dialect through two case studies . One is the dialect of deep borrowing of Cantonese and Hakka .

The fourth chapter discusses the deep - interference dialect . Firstly , the differences between depth - interference and depth borrowing are discussed . It is pointed out that the depth - interference should be defined according to the nature of the second dialect .

In the fifth chapter , we discuss the characteristics of Coininternalization and the convergence of the central town . Firstly , we introduce the characteristics of the internal factors of the internal and central towns . Then , we discuss the characteristics of the internal dialect of the central town by analyzing the case analysis of Jiangsu period and Fujian Xiamen dialect . Then , the characteristics of the convergence of the central town dialect are illustrated through the case analysis of the dialect of Jiangsu and the dialect of Jiangsu Suzhou .

In the sixth chapter , the deep - contact dialect based on the dialect is discussed . The so - called " base - based " means the deep - borrowed dialect formed by the repair - type contact in the dialect of a dialect or the deep - interference - type dialect formed by the reconstruction of the underlying dialect in a dialect . The major dialect refers to the dialect of Mandarin , Wu , Xiang , Gan , Hakka , Cantonese and Min .

Finally , the author summarizes the existing theories and applications of the mixed dialect , and puts forward the term of depth contact , which is used to refer to the phenomenon of mixed dialect , and puts forward his own views on the definition , classification , judgment and characteristics of the deep - contact dialect .

【學(xué)位授予單位】：復(fù)旦大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：H17

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本文編號(hào)：1761963