本文選題：語(yǔ)義預(yù)設(shè) + 語(yǔ)用預(yù)設(shè)��； 參考：《四川師范大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：自德國(guó)著名邏輯學(xué)家和數(shù)學(xué)家弗雷格(Frege)1892年提出預(yù)設(shè)這一概念以來(lái),就引起了國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者的廣泛關(guān)注和研究。哲學(xué)界對(duì)預(yù)設(shè)的研究主要來(lái)源于對(duì)指代本質(zhì)的探索。在哲學(xué)研究的基礎(chǔ)上,語(yǔ)義學(xué)家從真值出發(fā),提出預(yù)設(shè)是句子或命題間的一種不受否定影響的語(yǔ)義關(guān)系。但語(yǔ)義預(yù)設(shè)仍然存在一些弊端,它不能解決預(yù)設(shè)投射和取消的問(wèn)題。隨著語(yǔ)用學(xué)的興起,語(yǔ)用學(xué)家提出了一系列理論來(lái)解釋語(yǔ)用預(yù)設(shè)。 近年來(lái),隨著認(rèn)知語(yǔ)言學(xué)的發(fā)展和興起,認(rèn)知語(yǔ)言學(xué)家運(yùn)用認(rèn)知語(yǔ)言學(xué)的理論對(duì)預(yù)設(shè)做了重新闡釋和研究,并提出了新的觀點(diǎn)開(kāi)辟了新的視角。預(yù)設(shè)的認(rèn)知解釋認(rèn)為預(yù)設(shè)是語(yǔ)言使用者對(duì)某個(gè)或某些領(lǐng)域里經(jīng)驗(yàn)的統(tǒng)一和理想化的理解,是由預(yù)設(shè)觸發(fā)語(yǔ)(Presupposition triggers)的理想化的認(rèn)知模型(ICM)激起的概念和知識(shí)所構(gòu)成的一種認(rèn)知環(huán)境,在交際中表現(xiàn)為交際雙方互明的共同認(rèn)知環(huán)境(shared cognitive environment)。認(rèn)知語(yǔ)言學(xué)家通過(guò)對(duì)預(yù)設(shè)觸發(fā)語(yǔ)的統(tǒng)一理想化認(rèn)知,把句子分為兩個(gè)部分,即預(yù)設(shè)和陳述部分,預(yù)設(shè)是已知信息,起著背景的作用,而陳述部分則是新信息,是注意的焦點(diǎn),起著圖形作用。本文從這種新的理論框架出發(fā)通過(guò)分析背景是否能得到滿足來(lái)嘗試解決潛在預(yù)設(shè)消失的問(wèn)題。通過(guò)對(duì)預(yù)設(shè)觸發(fā)語(yǔ)理想化認(rèn)知分析,并結(jié)合圖形背景理論我們得出否定測(cè)試法不能作為區(qū)別預(yù)設(shè)和蘊(yùn)含的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),否定應(yīng)該分為同一理想化認(rèn)知模型(ICM)的否定和不同理想化認(rèn)知模型(ICM)的否定,而不同理想化認(rèn)知模型(ICM)的否定導(dǎo)致預(yù)設(shè)的消失。百科知識(shí)和預(yù)設(shè)篩選語(yǔ)同樣可以導(dǎo)致預(yù)設(shè)的取消。
[Abstract]:Since the concept of presupposition was put forward by the famous German logician and mathematician Fregeg in 1892, it has attracted the attention and research of scholars both at home and abroad.The study of presupposition in philosophy mainly comes from the exploration of the essence of anaphora.On the basis of philosophical research, the semanticists put forward that presupposition is a semantic relation between sentences or propositions which is not affected by negation.But semantic presupposition still has some disadvantages, it can not solve the problem of presupposition projection and cancellation.With the rise of pragmatics, pragmatics put forward a series of theories to explain pragmatic presupposition.In recent years, with the development and rise of cognitive linguistics, cognitive linguists have used the theory of cognitive linguistics to reinterpret and study presupposition, and put forward a new perspective.The presupposition cognitive interpretation holds that presupposition is the unified and idealized understanding of a language user's experience in a certain or certain field. It is a cognitive environment inspired by the idealized cognitive model of presupposition triggers (ICMs).In communication, the common cognitive environment is shared cognitive environment.Cognitive linguists divide sentences into two parts by unifying idealized cognition of presupposition triggers. Presupposition is known information, which plays the role of background, and declarative part is new information, which is the focus of attention.Play a graphic role.This paper tries to solve the problem of potential presupposition by analyzing whether the background can be satisfied from this new theoretical framework.Based on the idealized cognitive analysis of presupposition trigger and the theory of graphic background, we conclude that the negative test method can not be used as the criterion to distinguish presupposition and implication.Negation should be divided into the negation of the same idealized cognitive model (ICM) and the negation of different idealized cognitive models (ICM), while the negation of different idealized cognitive models leads to the disappearance of presupposition.Encyclopedic knowledge and presupposition filters can also lead to presupposition cancellations.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：四川師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：H030

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