本文選題：允山土話 + 地理語言學　； 參考：《湖南師范大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：作為江永土話研究的一個重要部分,本文打破過去只研究土話代表點的做法,以行政村為基本單位對江永縣允山鎮(zhèn)34個土話村從語音、詞匯、句子和土話使用狀況等方面對允山土話進行了地理和社會研究,試圖多方面展示屬于江永城關土話片的允山土話的內部差異,并從語言接觸的角度分析比較了允山土話和臨近的江永瀟浦土話、夏層鋪土話和回龍圩土話的異同。 允山土話雖然屬于江永土話的城關片,但是內部有相當一部分處在江永城關土話片和夏層鋪土話片的過渡地帶。從地理語言學和社會語言學角度對它進行探討,不僅可以豐富江永土話研究的語料,加深我們對江永土話的了解,對研究語言接觸和語言演變也具有重要的理論價值。 從地理語言學角度來看： 語音方面,允山土話在以下幾個方面語音特征比較統(tǒng)一：(1)聲調系統(tǒng)；(2)全濁塞音塞擦音送氣與否；(3)端母的演變；(4)知莊章組的演變；(5)蟹攝一、二等韻的演變；(6)效攝一、二等肴韻的演變；(7)咸攝開口一等談韻的演變；(8)陽聲韻尾的演化。而在以下幾個方面語音特征在地理上存在差異：(1)個別濁上字的歸入；(2)全濁定母讀音；(3)幫母讀音；(4)精組讀音；(5)尖團音的對立與否；(6)非母字保留重唇音的形式；(7)效攝一、二等豪韻的演變；(8)咸攝開口一等覃韻的演變。地理交通、行政區(qū)劃和語言接觸是導致允山土話在地理上產生變異的主要因素。 詞匯方面,“爸爸”、“刺(動詞)”和“鉆(動詞,~個洞),”這幾個詞的說法在允山鎮(zhèn)是一致的,其他像“蜘蛛”、“青蛙”、“螞蟻”這類動物詞和“洞(山~)”,由于不同的土話村所處的自然地理環(huán)境和文化心理的差異,在地理空間上存在多種說法�！皳u”和“彎”的意義都有新舊兩種說法,舊詞一般是對古語的保留,新詞是受官話的影響而新近出現(xiàn)的說法。人稱代詞“你”在地理空間上有兩種不同讀音,主要體現(xiàn)的是語音內部的差異。 從社會語言學角度來看： 當地人一般掌握了兩種或兩種以上的語言。目前,土話是當地使用程度最熟練的語言,江永官話是使用范圍最廣的語言。由于普通話的推廣和使用,越來越多的年輕人官話的熟練程度要比上一代差。當地人對土話的認同感相當強烈,這對土話的穩(wěn)定和保存起了很大的作用。導致允山土話出現(xiàn)社會變異的主要因素有年齡、文化背景、行政區(qū)劃和語言接觸等。
[Abstract]:As an important part of the study of Jiang Yong's vernacular, this paper breaks the past practice of only studying the representative points of the vernacular dialect, taking the administrative village as the basic unit for the 34 vernacular villages of Yunshan Town, Jiangyong County, from the pronunciation and vocabulary.This paper studies the geography and society of Yunshan dialect in terms of sentence and usage of vernacular, and tries to show the internal differences of Yunshan dialect which belongs to Jiang Yong's Chengguan dialect.The similarities and differences between Yunshan dialect and nearby Jiangyongxiaopu dialect, Xiayangpu dialect and Huilongwei dialect are analyzed and compared from the perspective of language contact.Although Yunshan Tuhua belongs to the local dialect of Jiang Yong, there are quite a few in the transitional zone between the Manchukuan Tuhua and the Xia Lianpu dialect.From the perspective of geolinguistics and sociolinguistics, not only can we enrich the corpus of Jiang Yong's vernacular research, deepen our understanding of the local dialect, but also have important theoretical value for the study of language contact and language evolution.From a geolinguistic perspective:In terms of pronunciation, the pronunciation characteristics of Yunshan dialect are relatively unified in the following aspects: 1) tone system 2) the whole turbid syllable plug air purging or not 3) the evolution of the mother of Zhuangzhang Group A) the evolution of the Zhuangzhang Group (1) the evolution of the second class rhyme (1) and the second class rhyme (1) take one.The evolution of the second-class food rhyme (7) the evolution of the rhyme in the first class) the evolution of the rhyme tail of Yang.The evolution of second-class and first-class Qin Yun.Geographical transportation, administrative division and language contact are the main factors leading to geographical variation of Yunshan dialect.In terms of vocabulary, the words "father", "thorn (verb)" and "drill" are consistent in Yunshan Town, and other animal words such as "spider", "frog", "ant" and "cave"Because of the difference of natural geographical environment and cultural psychology in different vernacular villages, there are many kinds of statements in geographical space.The meaning of "shake" and "bend" are both new and old. The old word is usually the reservation to the ancient language, and the new word is a new one which is influenced by the mandarin.The personal pronoun "you" has two different pronunciations in geographical space.From a sociolinguistic perspective:Locals generally master two or more languages.At present, local dialect is the most proficient language, Jiang Yong Mandarin is the most widely used language.Due to the popularization and use of Mandarin, more and more young people are less proficient in Mandarin than in the previous generation.The local people's strong sense of identity to the vernacular has played a great role in the stability and preservation of the vernacular.The main factors leading to the social variation of Yunshan dialect are age, cultural background, administrative district and language contact.
【學位授予單位】：湖南師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：H17

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