本文選題：制作義動詞　切入點：句法特點　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2012年博士論文

【摘要】：漢語理論語法研究和對外漢語教學(xué)的實際應(yīng)用都對動詞小類的研究提出了要求�，F(xiàn)代漢語制作義動詞是一個比較特殊的類別,這類動詞的語義框架所蘊含的語義成分及各個語義成分的句法實現(xiàn)等和一般的動詞有所區(qū)別,表現(xiàn)出其特殊的地方。以往對制作義動詞的研究基本停留于某一個角度或者某一個方面,尚不具備系統(tǒng)性和全面性,還有很多值得探索的地方。 本文以現(xiàn)代漢語單音節(jié)制作義動詞為研究對象,設(shè)置一定的句法-語義鑒定格式,在前人研究的基礎(chǔ)上對制作義動詞進行狹義的界定,對其句法特點和語義特征進行描寫,對其構(gòu)成的句式類型進行分析,并運用各種語言學(xué)理論對相關(guān)一些現(xiàn)象給予說明,同時對制作義動詞構(gòu)成的一些同義句式進行研究,解釋制作義動詞在相關(guān)同義句式中的不對稱現(xiàn)象。 全文分為七章,具體內(nèi)容如下： 第一章緒論 第二章制作義動詞的界定及其句法特點分析首先指出制作義動詞需要同時滿足兩個鑒定式的要求,即鑒定格式I“Np1施事+用+Np2工具+把+Np3材料+V+成+了+Np4成事”和Ⅱ“Np1施事+V+了+數(shù)量詞組+Np2成事”。進而指出句法-語義鑒定式設(shè)置的原因,對鑒定式中相關(guān)語義成分和句法格式給予說明,在此基礎(chǔ)上確定我們研究的制作義動詞的范圍；其次說明制作義動詞的句法特點：制作義動詞同時能夠滿足兩個句法-語義鑒定式的要求,帶賓語時與加工義動詞相比表現(xiàn)出了不同,所帶的成事賓語與同形的典型受事賓語也存在著差別。 第三章制作義動詞的語義特征分析制作義動詞的語義特征分為詞匯語義特征和語法語義特征。 詞匯語義特征的概括和描寫從幾個方面展開：一是根據(jù)制作義動詞的詞典釋義分析動詞表示的動作是否屬于具體動作,歸納出[+具體動作]和[一具體動作]一對相對立的語義特征；二是根據(jù)動作過程看成事的使成方式,歸納出[+使從無到有出現(xiàn)]、[+使從舊性質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)成新性質(zhì)]、[+使從舊狀態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)成新狀態(tài)]三個相對立的語義特征；三是根據(jù)制作義動詞的語義框架蘊含的工具要素是否單一,歸納出[+單一工具]和[-單一工具]一對相對立的語義特征。 按照制作義動詞的詞匯語義特征的不同,可以對制作義動詞進行再分類。比如根據(jù)[±單一工具]的語義特征可以分為相對應(yīng)的“專一工具制作義動詞”和“多工具制作義動詞”。分類的結(jié)果有助于教學(xué)領(lǐng)域倡導(dǎo)的“利用義類進行對外漢語詞匯教學(xué)”設(shè)想的實現(xiàn)。 制作義動詞的語法語義特征在特定的句法格式中得出,即“V+在+NpL+Np"等相關(guān)格式和“Np+在+NpL+V+著”。通過變換的方法分別得出[±位置義]、[±附著義]、[±狀態(tài)持續(xù)]等語義特征。 第四章制作義動詞可形成的句式類型包括施事主語句、主謂謂語句和無標(biāo)記被動句。施事主語句包括：Np施+Vp+Np成、Np施+Np憑+Vp+Np成、Np施+Np憑1+Np憑2+Vp+Np成；主謂謂語句,即“Np材+Np施+Vp+Np成”；無標(biāo)記被動句,即“Np成+V+A+了”。分析“Np成+V+A+了”成立的原因,說明“Np成+V十A+了”表示主觀預(yù)期實現(xiàn)的條件,解釋“Np成+V+得+都+A+了”不成立的原因。 在這一章本文也分析與制作義動詞有著密切聯(lián)系的加工義動詞可形成的而制作義動詞不能形成的句式,即受事賓語句V+Np受、工具賓語句V+Np工、方式賓語句V+Np方。通過與加工義動詞的這種比較,可以更加凸顯制作義動詞帶賓語在形成句式時的特點。 第五章制作義動詞構(gòu)成的一些同義句式考察包括通過句式變換形成的同義句式和由于語序不同形成的同義句式。 在分析通過句式變換形成的同義句式時,主要考察Np施事+Vp+Np成事及其同義句式的語義差別和如何根據(jù)語境選擇不同的句式,因為它們在話題義、焦點義、情感義和風(fēng)格義等方面存在著差異。這些差異的存在決定了它們具有各自不同的表達作用,在具體的語境中應(yīng)該根據(jù)不同句式的表達作用進行句式的選擇。 在分析由于語序不同形成的同義句式時,主要考察制作義動詞形成的形容詞指賓定語句和指賓狀語句。兩種句式在句式義和句子焦點方面存在著不同,在兩種句式中形容詞所體現(xiàn)的預(yù)期度也不同�？疾斓牧硗庖环N同義句式是制作義動詞形成的同命題“了”字句。從語用的角度對制作義動詞構(gòu)成的同命題“了”字句的選擇是：“了2”句和“了1了2”句傾向于報事,“了1”句則傾向于敘事。 第六章制作義動詞在相關(guān)同義句式中的不對稱表現(xiàn)包括制作義動詞在形容詞指賓定語句和指賓狀語句中的不對稱表現(xiàn),制作義動詞帶不同補語在主動句和被字句中的不對稱表現(xiàn)。 制作義動詞能形成的指賓狀語句之所以成立受到一些因素的驅(qū)動,包括語言的主觀性、時間順序原則、“移情”等因素。指賓定位形容詞由于受到移位條件的制約,使得制作義動詞不能形成相應(yīng)一些指賓狀語句。 關(guān)于制作義動詞帶不同補語在主動句和被字句中的不對稱表現(xiàn),主要運用概念結(jié)構(gòu)的理論對制作義動詞帶不同補語在主動句和被字句中的不對稱表現(xiàn)進行解釋說明。 第七章結(jié)語總結(jié)全文,指出文章寫作的不足和尚待繼續(xù)深入研究的問題。
[Abstract]:The research on the grammar of Chinese theory and the practical application of Chinese teaching in the outside world have put forward the demand for the study of verbs . Modern Chinese make sense verbs are a comparatively special category . The semantic framework of this type of verbs is different from that of common verbs , and shows its special place . In the past , the research on making semantic verbs is not systematic and comprehensive , but there are many places worth exploring .

On the basis of the former research , this paper describes the syntactic and semantic features of the semantic verbs , analyses the syntactic and semantic features of the semantic verbs , and makes a study on some phenomena related to the formation of the semantic verbs , and explains the asymmetric phenomena of making the semantic verbs in the relevant synonymous sentences .

The full text is divided into seven chapters , the concrete contents are as follows :

Chapter 1 Introduction

The second chapter defines the definition of semantic verbs and their syntactic characteristics . First , it points out that making the semantic verb needs to satisfy the requirements of two authentication types , namely , identifying the format I " Np1 donor + using the + Np2 tool + + Np3 material + V + + + quantity of phrase + Np2 .
Secondly , it illustrates the syntactic characteristics of making semantic verbs : making semantic verbs can satisfy the requirements of two syntactic - semantic authentication types .

In the third chapter , the semantic features of semantic verbs are analyzed and the semantic features of semantic verbs are classified into lexical semantic features and grammatical semantic features .

The generalization and description of lexical semantic features from several aspects : Firstly , according to the definition of the semantic verb , whether the action of the verb belongs to the concrete action or not , induces the semantic feature of a pair of relative standing of the specific action of the verb + and the concrete action of the verb ;
Second , according to the process of action as the making way , it is concluded that there are three opposite semantic features from the old state to the new state .
Thirdly , according to whether the tool elements contained in the semantic framework of the semantic verbs are single , the semantic features of a pair of opposite vertical semantic features are summarized .

According to the semantic features of the lexical semantic features of the semantic verbs , the semantic features of the semantic verbs can be re - classified . For example , according to the semantic features of the semantic features of the semantic verbs , the semantic features of the semantic verbs can be classified into corresponding " special tool - making verbs " and " multi - tool - making verbs " . The results of the classification can help the teaching field advocate the realization of " using the meaning class for the teaching of Chinese vocabulary to the outside world " .

The semantic features of the grammatical semantic features of the semantic verbs are derived from the specific syntax format , that is , " V + in + NpL + np " and " NP + in + NpL + V + " .

In the fourth chapter , the sentence types that can be formed by making the semantic verbs include the subject sentence , the predicate predicate and the passive passive sentence . The main statements include : np + Vp + np + np + np + np + np + np + np + np + np + np + np + np + np + np + np + np + np + np + np + np + np + np + np + np + np + np + np + np + np + np + np + np + np + np + np + np + np + np + np + np + np + np + np + np + np + np + np + np + np + np + np + np + np + np + np + np + np + np + np + np + np + np + np + np + np + np + np + np + np + np + np + np + np + np + np + np + np + np + np + np + np + np + np + np
predicate predicate , i.e . " np + np + vp + np + np + np + np + np + np + np + np + np + np + np + np + np + np + np + np + np + np + np + np + np + np + np + np +
In this paper , the reasons for the establishment of " np + V + A + " are analyzed , and the reasons for the establishment of " np + V + A + A + " are analyzed , and the reasons for " np + V + A + A + A + A + " are explained .

In this chapter , the author also analyses the sentence patterns which can be formed by processing the semantic verbs which are closely related to the production of the semantic verbs , namely , the sentence V + np of the subject object , the sentence V of the tool object and the sentence V of the object . By comparison with the processed verbs , it is possible to highlight the characteristics of the object - making verbs in the formation of sentence patterns .

In the fifth chapter , some syntactical studies of the formation of semantic verbs include the synonymous sentences formed by syntactic transformation and the syntactical sentence patterns formed by different languages .

On the basis of the analysis of the synonymous sentence patterns formed by the sentence transformation , we mainly study the semantic differences between NP + Vp + np and their synonymous sentences and how to choose different sentences according to the context . The existence of these differences determines that they have different expression effects , and should be selected according to the expression of different periods in the specific context .

In the analysis of the syntactical sentence patterns formed in different languages , it is mainly used to investigate the adjective meaning and the object - like sentence formed by making the semantic verbs . The two sentences are different in terms of sentence meaning and sentence focus . The other synonymous sentences are the same proposition of forming the semantic verbs . The other synonyms of the sentence are : " 2 " and " 1 2 " tend to report things , and the " 1 " sentence tends to be narrative .

In the sixth chapter , the asymmetric representation of the semantic verbs in the relevant synonymous sentences includes the asymmetric representation of the semantic verbs in the adjective - defined and bin - like statements , and the asymmetric representation of the semantic verbs in the active sentence and the sentence .

The meaning of the verb can be formed by some factors , including the subjectivity of the language , the principle of time sequence , the " empathy " and so on .

In this paper , the asymmetric expression of the different complement in the active sentence and the word sentence with different complement is explained by the theory of the concept structure , and the asymmetric expression of the different complement in the active sentence and the sentence is explained by the theory of the concept structure .

Chapter 7 summarizes the summary of concluding remarks , points out the deficiency of writing and the problems to be further studied .

【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：H146

【參考文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 朱景松;;與工具成分有關(guān)的幾種句法格式——兼談加工制作義動詞“價”的分析[J];安徽師大學(xué)報(哲學(xué)社會科學(xué)版);1992年03期

2 周國光,黎洪;現(xiàn)代漢語制作動詞的配價研究[J];安徽師范大學(xué)學(xué)報(人文社會科學(xué)版);2001年01期

3 陸儉明;;構(gòu)式與意象圖式[J];北京大學(xué)學(xué)報(哲學(xué)社會科學(xué)版);2009年03期

4 戴浩一;黃河;;時間順序和漢語的語序[J];國外語言學(xué);1988年01期

5 戴浩一;葉蜚聲;;以認知為基礎(chǔ)的漢語功能語法芻議(上)[J];國外語言學(xué);1990年04期

6 戴浩一;葉蜚聲;;以認知為基礎(chǔ)的漢語功能語法芻議(下)[J];國外語言學(xué);1991年01期

7 沈家煊;轉(zhuǎn)指和轉(zhuǎn)喻[J];當(dāng)代語言學(xué);1999年01期

8 王馥芳;優(yōu)選理論的解釋力[J];當(dāng)代語言學(xué);2003年03期

9 陸丙甫;語序優(yōu)勢的認知解釋(上):論可別度對語序的普遍影響[J];當(dāng)代語言學(xué);2005年01期

10 陸丙甫;語序優(yōu)勢的認知解釋(下):論可別度對語序的普遍影響[J];當(dāng)代語言學(xué);2005年02期

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前2條

1 宋文輝;現(xiàn)代漢語動結(jié)式配價的認知研究[D];中國社會科學(xué)院研究生院;2003年

2 游舒;現(xiàn)代漢語被字句研究[D];武漢大學(xué);2005年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前7條

1 劉新春;睡覺類動詞的歷史演變研究[D];河南大學(xué);2003年

2 王云英;現(xiàn)代漢語問類動詞研究[D];延邊大學(xué);2004年

3 喬麗彩;現(xiàn)代漢語心理動詞研究[D];河北師范大學(xué);2006年

4 杜誠忠;現(xiàn)代漢語飲食類動詞研究[D];南京師范大學(xué);2006年

5 朱坤林;現(xiàn)代漢語“猜測”類動詞的多角度分析[D];延邊大學(xué);2006年

6 閆春慧;漢語“洗滌”類動詞語義場的歷史演變[D];內(nèi)蒙古大學(xué);2006年

7 周雋;指賓狀位形容詞句法語義研究及功能淺析[D];上海師范大學(xué);2009年

，

本文編號：1704949