本文選題：兼語句　切入點：兼語　出處：《江西師范大學》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：現(xiàn)代漢語兼語句是兼語短語作謂語的句子和由兼語短語構(gòu)成的非主謂句。它是漢語獨具特色的一種句式，也是漢語里常見且重要的句式之一。因此，一直是語法學家研究的熱門課題。但一直以來，人們對這種句式的研究大多停留在單句層面上，主要圍繞著兼語句范圍的確定，結(jié)構(gòu)的分析，以及針對兼語句性質(zhì)和生成問題進行討論。而至今還沒有結(jié)合語篇對兼語句進行分析的相關成果。本文在篇章的背景下，以語篇研究理論為指導，對現(xiàn)代漢語兼語句進行多角度的考察分析研究，以期更深刻地認識這一句式。 第一章在對構(gòu)成兼語句的各個成分的認知狀態(tài)和語義特征進行逐一分析的基礎上，再從語篇角度對各成分進行分析，進而探究各成分在語篇范疇內(nèi)與句內(nèi)話題的聯(lián)系以及各成分與話題演進的關系。發(fā)現(xiàn)對各成分的深入了解是探究兼語句語篇特征與功能的基礎。NP1+VP1+NP2+VP2中，NP1常是已知信息，與上下文聯(lián)系緊密，常作為話題成分出現(xiàn)；VP1的不同類型，使得兼語句在語篇中對主謂型與非主謂型句式的選擇存在差異；NP2是兼語句的樞紐成分，傾向于以有定名詞來充當，它除了與上下文相關成分構(gòu)成回指關系外，還可起到轉(zhuǎn)換話題的功能；VP2是整個句子語意表達的焦點所在。 第二章綜合分析各成分構(gòu)成的完整的兼語句的語篇信息。不同類型的兼語句有不同的語篇表現(xiàn)和不同的語篇特征。故本文從語篇結(jié)構(gòu)、語體分析、特殊現(xiàn)象和相關句式辨析四個方面對兼語句進行語篇角度的探究。兼語句在語篇中通常以前景句的形式出現(xiàn)，，且在構(gòu)成語篇的句段中充當展題句為主。在語體特征上，“喜怒類”兼語句傾向于在口語形式中出現(xiàn)，“有無類”兼語句傾向于在書面語形式中出現(xiàn)，其他四種類型在語體的選擇上，沒有明顯的傾向性�，F(xiàn)代漢語兼語句中存在著一些特殊的現(xiàn)象，本文共探討了五種：VP1連用、NP2同義連用、NP1=NP2、“兼套兼式”以及“連兼融合句”。本文還對不同類別的兼語句與易混淆的相關句式進行了辨析：“使令類”、“認定類”、“有無類”兼語句可根據(jù)兼語動詞的特征加以辨析；“喜怒類”兼語句的辨析要結(jié)合具體的語言環(huán)境加以分析；“攜同類”兼語句與連謂句的區(qū)別主要體現(xiàn)在VP2的完成者上；“交接類”與雙賓語的區(qū)別主要是從VP2上來辨別。 第三章表達運用篇章功能語法的方法分析兼語句的語篇功能。由于兼語句本身的復雜性，種類多樣，故在語篇中所表現(xiàn)的功能也存在著共性與個性。我們從各類兼語句中概括總結(jié)出兼語句總體的語篇功能。從整體上來看，兼語句具有語篇連貫功能；特殊表述功能；突顯確指強度功能以及突顯信息量的功能。在這些共性下，探求出各類兼語句所獨具的特殊語篇功能。從各類型來看，“使令類”兼語句具有突顯話題影響力的功能；“認定類”兼語句具有描寫和總結(jié)的功能；“喜怒類”兼語句具有評價功能；“有無類”兼語句具有引出話語話題的功能；“攜同類”兼語句具有突顯合作行為的功能；“交接類”兼語句具有突顯交接目的和結(jié)果的功能。總體語篇功能與特殊語篇功能的完美融合，使得兼語句在語篇運用中起著不可替代的作用。 認識兼語句的語篇功能，重在指明句式對語篇組織所發(fā)揮的積極作用。
[Abstract]:Modern Chinese pivotal sentences is concurrent phrase as predicate sentences and phrases composed of language non subject predicate sentence. It is a sentence of Chinese characteristic, is one of the most common and important sentences in Chinese. Therefore, it is always a hot topic studied by grammarians. But for a long time, people of this sentence are stay at the sentence level, mainly determined and the scope of the statement, the analysis of the structure, as well as sentences with nature and creation are discussed. So far there is no related result combined with the text analysis of sentences. In this chapter the background, the study on discourse analysis theory multi angle of modern Chinese pivotal sentences, in order to better understand this sentence.
The first chapter based in various components of the composition and statement of the cognitive state and semantic features one by one analysis, then analyze the various components from the perspective of discourse, and then explore the components of topic and sentence in discourse in the category of relationship and the relationship between the composition and evolution of topics. Found a deep understanding of the various components the.NP1+VP1+NP2+VP2 is based on textual features and pivotal sentences inquiry function, NP1 is often known information, closely associated with the context, often appearing as topic elements; the different types of VP1, and makes the statement of the differences and non subject predicate sentence selection is the main type in the text; NP2 is the hub of composition and statement, tend to have to act as a definite noun, it in addition to contextual components of anaphora, can also play the function of shifting topics; VP2 is the focus of the whole sentence semantic expression.
The second chapter is the analysis of the integrated components complete pivotal constructions of textual information. Different types of pivotal sentences have different discourse expression and different discourse features. Therefore, this paper from the analysis of discourse structure, style, to explore four aspects of special phenomenon and sentence of the point of view of discourse and sentence. Sentences in discourse usually ofprospect sentence form, and in a text sentence as title sentences. In stylistic features, "happiness" and statements tend to appear in the oral form, "there is no" and statements tend to appear in written form. The other four types in the style, no obvious tendency. Modern Chinese pivotal sentences exist some special phenomenon, this article discusses five kinds: VP1, NP2 NP1=NP2, "a synonym, and set and type" and "fusion and even the sentence" in this paper. For different categories of pivotal sentences and sentence confusing analyses: "making", "identification", "no" and statements can be discriminated according to the characteristics of language of the verb; analysis of "anger" and the statement must be combined with the specific language environment to analyze similar articles; "" even the predicate sentence and sentence and the difference is mainly reflected in the completion of the VP2; the difference between "transition" and the double object is mainly to distinguish from VP2.
The third chapter expression of textual function by using the method of textual analysis of functional grammar and sentence. Because of the complexity, and the utterance itself varied, so the performance of functions in discourse also exist commonness and individuality. We generalize from the various statements and statements and summed up the overall discourse function on the whole., and statements with discourse coherence function; special expression function; highlight intensity function and highlight the definiteness of information quantity function. In these features, explore the special discourse function of the unique and various statements. From the point of view, "the class" and highlight the topic statement with the influence of the identification function; class description and summary and statement with the function; "feeling" jianyuju with evaluation function; "no class" and has the function of discourse topic sentence extraction; "and similar articles" has highlighted the closing statement The behavior of the function; the "handover" and highlight the statement with the purpose and results of transfer function. The perfect general discourse function and special discourse function fusion, and makes the statement plays an irreplaceable role in language use.
The textual function of cognition and sentence emphasizes the positive effect of sentence pattern on discourse organization.

【學位授予單位】：江西師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：H146

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