本文選題：《道德經(jīng)》　切入點(diǎn)：《物理學(xué)》　出處：《黑龍江大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：隱喻在亞里士多德時(shí)期便引起了人們的注意，成為了修辭學(xué)和詩學(xué)的研究對象。盡管柏拉圖貶斥隱喻，但是在《理想國》中仍用“洞穴隱喻”闡釋其世界觀。盡管亞里士多德只承認(rèn)名詞和名詞性的實(shí)詞為隱喻詞，仍在《物理學(xué)》中運(yùn)用隱喻闡釋其“四因說”。哲學(xué)家運(yùn)用隱喻闡釋哲學(xué)內(nèi)涵的例子不勝枚舉。 哲學(xué)和隱喻作為人類研究的對象歷史悠久，二者關(guān)聯(lián)緊密。人類的語言系統(tǒng)中由于未能分化出一類專門的哲學(xué)語言，因而造成了哲學(xué)表達(dá)的困惑，而隱喻作為所有語言形態(tài)中的“共有因子”彌補(bǔ)了既有日常語言、科學(xué)語言和詩歌語言表達(dá)哲學(xué)的局限性。隱喻不僅能起修飾作用，能傳達(dá)信息，還能表達(dá)真理。 尼采認(rèn)為隱喻不只是語言學(xué)的一個(gè)單位，它更是我們了解世界的一個(gè)途徑。他認(rèn)為我們對世界的體驗(yàn)就是隱喻的。理查茲認(rèn)為思想就是隱喻性的，所有的言語中都充滿了隱喻。因此沒有隱喻我們將無所適從，他認(rèn)為世界是一個(gè)“投射的世界”（projected world），是建立在隱喻世界基礎(chǔ)上的。萊科夫認(rèn)為我們所處的世界，就我們的理解能力所認(rèn)識到世界，并不是客觀存在的世界。根據(jù)這種哲學(xué)基礎(chǔ)，萊科夫提出了源域和目標(biāo)域的概念。運(yùn)用人們具體的源域映射抽象的目標(biāo)域。理解某一事物就是體會源域和目標(biāo)域之間的映射。這個(gè)過程反映人們認(rèn)識事物的基本途徑：由具體到抽象。因此本論文基于概念隱喻分析隱喻如何表達(dá)哲學(xué)含義。 本論文屬于應(yīng)用對比語言學(xué)類型，，采取應(yīng)用研究模式（即概念隱喻理論描述為基礎(chǔ)），使用描述性研究方法，對比隱喻在哲學(xué)語篇中的特點(diǎn)及隱喻所映射的哲學(xué)思想的異同。分析《道德經(jīng)》和《物理學(xué)》中源域的特點(diǎn)，并把闡述“道”論和“四因說”的源域進(jìn)行對比，以此理解目標(biāo)域，即“道”和“四因說”。
[Abstract]:Metaphor attracted much attention in Aristotle's time and became the object of rhetoric and poetics. But in the Republic, cave metaphors are still used to explain his worldview, although Aristotle only recognizes nouns and nominal notional terms as metaphors. In Physics, metaphor is still used to explain its "four causes". There are numerous examples of philosophers using metaphor to explain philosophical connotation. Philosophy and metaphor have a long history as the object of human study, and they are closely related. Metaphor, as a common factor in all linguistic forms, makes up for the limitations of philosophy of expression in everyday language, scientific language and poetic language. Metaphor can not only modify, convey information, but also express truth. Nietzsche thinks that metaphor is not just a unit of linguistics, it is also a way for us to understand the world. He thinks that our experience of the world is metaphorical. Richards thinks that thought is metaphorical. All words are full of metaphors. So without metaphor we would be at a loss. He thinks the world is a "projected world", based on the metaphorical world. Lakoff thinks we live in a world. As far as our ability to understand the world is concerned, it is not an objective world. According to this philosophical basis, Lakoff put forward the concept of source domain and target domain. We use people's specific source domain mapping to abstract the target domain. Understanding something is to understand the mapping between source domain and target domain. This process reflects the basis of people's understanding of things. This approach: from concrete to abstract. Therefore, this thesis analyzes how metaphor expresses philosophical meaning based on conceptual metaphor. This thesis belongs to the type of applied contrastive linguistics. It adopts the applied research model (i.e. conceptual metaphor theory description as the foundation) and uses the descriptive research method. This paper contrasts the characteristics of metaphor in philosophical discourse and the similarities and differences of philosophical thoughts reflected by metaphor. It analyzes the characteristics of source domains in the Book of morality and Physics, and compares the source domains of the "Tao" theory and the "four cause theory". In this way, we can understand the target domain, namely "Tao" and "four cause theory".
【學(xué)位授予單位】：黑龍江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：H05

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