本文選題：莊子　切入點(diǎn)：語(yǔ)言學(xué)思想　出處：《陜西師范大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：本文對(duì)《莊子》中語(yǔ)言學(xué)思想進(jìn)行了解讀、注釋和翻譯,結(jié)合運(yùn)用當(dāng)代語(yǔ)言學(xué)理論進(jìn)行分析與闡述,包括莊子對(duì)“名實(shí)觀”的闡述、語(yǔ)言性質(zhì)的認(rèn)識(shí)、語(yǔ)言功能與作用的重視、語(yǔ)言傳遞過(guò)程中的“得”與“失”的描述、人為什么能說(shuō)話的原因分析以及語(yǔ)言和文字關(guān)系的論述。把這些語(yǔ)言學(xué)問(wèn)題挖掘出來(lái),旨在使人們了解先秦時(shí)期的莊子在語(yǔ)言學(xué)領(lǐng)域做出的不可磨滅的貢獻(xiàn)。 本文共七章內(nèi)容： 第一章主要是本論文的選題意義和國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀的概述,并說(shuō)明了本文所依據(jù)的文獻(xiàn)資料,因?yàn)閰⒄盏奈墨I(xiàn)以及版本是進(jìn)行論文的最關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)。 第二章中因?yàn)榍f子不可避免地參與了先秦時(shí)期有關(guān)“名實(shí)”問(wèn)題的激烈討論,所以對(duì)莊子“名實(shí)觀”的闡述顯得極為重要,為此單獨(dú)列出一章進(jìn)行闡述和分析。莊子明確地肯定了“名”對(duì)于“實(shí)”的依賴關(guān)系,提出“名者,實(shí)之賓也”。他認(rèn)為必須以“實(shí)”為中心,“名”應(yīng)該是始終居于從屬、補(bǔ)充的地位。他還相信“名止于實(shí)”,也就是“名”要根據(jù)“實(shí)”來(lái)命名,二者具有對(duì)應(yīng)的關(guān)系。在莊子看來(lái),不同名稱的事物實(shí)質(zhì)是相同的,因此他提出了“異名同實(shí)”的觀點(diǎn)。 第三章中主要揭示了莊子對(duì)語(yǔ)言性質(zhì)的認(rèn)識(shí)。莊子對(duì)語(yǔ)言的局限性有著深刻的認(rèn)識(shí),這是他最為得意的語(yǔ)言學(xué)思想,為后來(lái)很多語(yǔ)言學(xué)家稱道。莊子既說(shuō)明了語(yǔ)言不足以表達(dá)“道”,不足以表達(dá)“物象”,又沒(méi)有徹底否定語(yǔ)言,而是承認(rèn)了語(yǔ)言的實(shí)用性,甚至還明確指明了語(yǔ)言可以表達(dá)的方面,即“可以言論者,物之粗也”。另外,莊子還指出了人類語(yǔ)言的特征以及人類語(yǔ)言與自然界聲音、動(dòng)物聲音的區(qū)別,見(jiàn)解獨(dú)特,令人深思。除此之外,莊子還認(rèn)為“物謂之而然”,意思是語(yǔ)言是人們叫出來(lái)的,不是大自然賦予的,而且人們?cè)诿挛飼r(shí)是任意的,事物與表示事物的名稱之間的關(guān)系是自由的、不關(guān)聯(lián)的。 第四章中展現(xiàn)了莊子對(duì)語(yǔ)言功能的重視。他注意到當(dāng)時(shí)社會(huì)語(yǔ)言發(fā)揮的重要作用,提出怎樣交際是最恰當(dāng)?shù)�。在他看�?lái),語(yǔ)言雖然不足以表達(dá)客觀世界,但是只要可以表達(dá),就一定想方設(shè)法表達(dá)到最好。莊子還認(rèn)識(shí)到語(yǔ)言傳遞過(guò)程中有“得”有“失”并對(duì)其進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)地解釋與說(shuō)明。 第五章中主要展現(xiàn)了莊子對(duì)兒童語(yǔ)言有過(guò)的思考,莊子解釋了人為什么能說(shuō)話的原因。他認(rèn)為兒童本來(lái)不會(huì)說(shuō)話,之所以后來(lái)能說(shuō)話,主要是和會(huì)說(shuō)話的人在一起相處的緣故。也就是說(shuō),語(yǔ)言不是天生的,而是后天習(xí)得的。人的語(yǔ)言能力如果不經(jīng)向“能言”的人學(xué)習(xí),人的語(yǔ)言天賦是不會(huì)變成實(shí)際的語(yǔ)言能力的。 第六章中揭示了莊子對(duì)語(yǔ)言和文字關(guān)系的思考,說(shuō)明了文字源于有聲語(yǔ)言并且是用來(lái)記載有聲語(yǔ)言的。 第七章中是對(duì)莊子語(yǔ)言學(xué)思想的整體概述和歸納總結(jié),充分肯定了莊子在語(yǔ)言學(xué)史上的地位、貢獻(xiàn)和價(jià)值,希望引起人們對(duì)莊子語(yǔ)言學(xué)思想的重視。
[Abstract]:The paper interprets linguistics < Chuang-tzu >, annotation and translation, combined with the use of modern linguistic theories are analyzed and explained, including Chuang-tzu on the "real concept of" paper, understanding of the nature of language, language function and role of attention, language transfer in the process of "a" and "missing" description of the people why can speak the cause analysis and discussion of the relationship between language and text linguistics. Dig out these problems, to make people aware of the pre Qin period Chuang-tzu made an indelible contribution in the field of linguistics.
There are seven chapters in this paper.
The first chapter is mainly about the significance of the topic and the current research situation at home and abroad, and explains the literature data based on this article, because the reference documents and versions are the most critical links.
In the second chapter, because Chuang-tzu is inevitably involved in the pre Qin period of intense discussion of the "Ming Shi", so Chuang-tzu "is" the view of this is extremely important, this chapter separately described and analyzed. Chuang-tzu explicitly affirmed the "name" for the "dependency", put forward "name and Shi". He thought that must be "real" as the center, "" should be always in a subordinate position. He also added, "to believe", which is the "name" according to the "Shi", the two have corresponding relations. In the view of Chuang-tzu the essence of things, different names are the same, so he put forward "with different appearances but the same essence" point of view.
The third chapter mainly reveals the understanding of the nature of language. Chuang-tzu Chuang-tzu has a profound understanding of the limitations of language, this is his most proud linguistic thought, many linguists later praised. Chuang-tzu shows not only the language to express the "Tao", to express the "image", and did not completely negate language, but recognize the practicality of the language, and even clearly indicates the language can express, "which can express, the rough". In addition, Chuang-tzu also pointed out that the characteristics of human language and human language and nature sound, different animal sounds, unique insights and thought-provoking. In addition to this besides, Chuang-tzu also believed that "things that naturally", meaning the language is called by people, not of nature, but people in naming things is arbitrary, the relationship between things and things that the name is from It is not related.
The fourth chapter shows the importance of Chuang-tzu language. He noticed that the important role of social language play, put forward how to communicate is the most appropriate. In his opinion, language is not enough to express the objective world, but as long as you can express it must find ways to express the best. Chuang-tzu also realized that language transfer in the process of "get" and "lost" and has carried on the detailed explanation.
The fifth chapter mainly show the thoughts of Chuang-tzu on children's language had, Chuang-tzu explained why people can speak. He thinks that children would not speak, are then able to speak, and mainly talking people together sake. That is to say, language is not innate, but acquired. People's language ability without "talking" to people to learn the language talent of the people will not become the actual language ability.
The sixth chapter reveals Chuang-tzu's thinking about the relationship between language and words, indicating that words are derived from sound language and are used to record sound language.
The seventh chapter is the overall summary and summary of Chuang-tzu's linguistic thought. It fully affirms Chuang-tzu's status, contribution and value in the history of linguistics, hoping to arouse people's attention to Chuang-tzu's linguistic thought.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：H109.2

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