本文選題：語境　切入點(diǎn)：效度　出處：《上海外國語大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：口譯作為跨文化交際的紐帶，在社會發(fā)展中發(fā)揮著越來越重要的作用。從政務(wù)談判、商務(wù)洽談到旅游、人際交往，口譯無不扮演著重要的橋梁作用。因此，國內(nèi)外學(xué)者非常重視對口譯的研究，從構(gòu)建初步的理論指導(dǎo)，到將口譯置于心理學(xué)、社會學(xué)、認(rèn)知學(xué)等學(xué)科研究，再到當(dāng)前的跨學(xué)科研究，口譯方面的研究逐漸全面、多元。 在口譯標(biāo)準(zhǔn)方面，中外學(xué)者已從各個(gè)角度進(jìn)行闡述，觀點(diǎn)主要集中于“忠實(shí)”、“迅速”、“傳達(dá)主旨”等方面。趙彥春首度構(gòu)建了“效度”與“口譯”之間的聯(lián)系，并提出公式“口譯=趨同/趨異”，若趨同程度高，，趨異程度低，則口譯效度高；若趨同程度低，趨異程度高，則口譯效度低。此后，“效度”即成為評判口譯任務(wù)是否圓滿完成的重要標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。本文以實(shí)現(xiàn)口譯交際效度為目標(biāo)，詳述了語境的各個(gè)層面，即語言語境與非語言語境等對成功傳達(dá)說話者意圖的重要作用。語言語境分為詞、句、篇等三個(gè)層面，單詞中的固定搭配、關(guān)系代詞以及連詞都有助于譯員預(yù)測后續(xù)內(nèi)容，并及時(shí)作出調(diào)整；在句法層面，中英兩種語言都遵循上下文連貫原則，其中，中文在段落布局中通常采用“分總”的格式，而英文往往采用“總分”的格式，了解這一點(diǎn)也可以幫助譯者順利實(shí)現(xiàn)口譯交際效度。在語篇層面，不同文體的演講詞以及話語中出現(xiàn)的冗余均可幫助譯者判斷說話者的意圖，從而順利將其傳達(dá)給聽眾。非語言語境分為社會背景，主觀因素和現(xiàn)場要素。社會背景一節(jié)主要展示了了解異國文化對譯者成功傳達(dá)說話者意圖的重要作用。主觀要素一節(jié)從說話者、譯者和聽眾三者的主觀層面剖析其對實(shí)現(xiàn)口譯效度的作用�，F(xiàn)場因素包括參與者、背景、主題、時(shí)間等方面，它們對譯者了解并傳達(dá)說話者意圖同樣具有重要作用。
[Abstract]:As a tie of cross-cultural communication, interpreting plays a more and more important role in social development. From government affairs negotiation, business negotiation to tourism, interpersonal communication, interpretation plays an important role. Scholars at home and abroad attach great importance to the study of interpreting, from the construction of preliminary theoretical guidance to the study of interpreting in psychology, sociology, cognition and other disciplines, and then to the current interdisciplinary research. The research on interpretation is gradually comprehensive and pluralistic. In terms of interpretation standards, Chinese and foreign scholars have elaborated from various angles, with their views mainly on "faithfulness", "rapidity" and "transmission of purport". Zhao Yanchun has for the first time established the relationship between "validity" and "interpretation". The formula "interpretation = convergence / divergence" is proposed. If the degree of convergence is high and the degree of divergence is low, the interpretation validity is high, and if the degree of convergence is low, the degree of convergence is high. From then on, "validity" becomes an important criterion for judging the success of interpreting tasks. This paper aims at achieving the communicative validity of interpreting, and elaborates on the various aspects of context. That is, linguistic context and non-linguistic context play an important role in the successful communication of the speaker's intention. Linguistic context is divided into three levels: word, sentence and text. The fixed collocation in the word, the relative pronoun and the conjunction are all helpful for the interpreter to predict the subsequent content. At the syntactic level, both Chinese and English follow the principle of contextual coherence. Understanding this point can also help the translator to achieve the communicative validity of interpretation. At the discourse level, different styles of speech and redundancy in the discourse can help the translator to judge the intention of the speaker. The non-linguistic context is divided into social context, The social background section mainly demonstrates the important role of foreign culture in the successful communication of the speaker's intention. The subjective aspects of the translator and the audience analyze their effects on the realization of interpretation validity. The field factors include participants, background, theme, time and so on. They also play an important role in the translator's understanding and communication of the speaker's intention.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海外國語大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：H059

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本文編號：1638029