本文選題：《說文解字》　切入點：“誤釋字”　出處：《河北大學》2012年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：《說文解字》是東漢時期的作品，是當時的“現(xiàn)代成果”，成書是為解經(jīng)，不是后代的“字表”、“字編”，更不是“詁林”，它反映了當時的歷史環(huán)境和作者許慎的知識水平。到今天，社會生活、思想文化較之當時可謂天壤之隔，加之歷代學者的不斷研究和百年來大批先秦古文字材料的新發(fā)現(xiàn)以及古文字學的發(fā)展，今天研讀《說文》，我們必定會發(fā)現(xiàn)很多“不妥當”甚至“錯誤”的地方，這就是我們所指稱的“誤釋字”。本文即對這些字進行字形和釋義上的闡釋，解釋其“誤”之所在。 文章共分九個部分：緒論對文章的研究對象、研究現(xiàn)狀以及研究方法等問題作了詳細說明。 第一章介紹了許慎著作《說文》的相關背景，涉及到了當時的文字面貌以及學術界的爭論，這有助于我們對許慎著書局限性的理解以及對《說文》的整體把握。 第二、三章我們按照從殷商甲骨文、兩周金文、戰(zhàn)國簡帛文字的發(fā)展脈絡梳理小篆字形，在學術界已經(jīng)討論到的677字之外重新解釋了《說文》中170個字形，并將析形存在的問題概括為十一類，其形成原因有三：一是字形訛變；二是字形無誤，但許慎對各部件的意義不甚了解；三是許慎主觀整理而做出的不合理的調(diào)整。 第四章論述了《說文》釋義方面存在的主要問題。東漢時期，詞義學理論尚不健全，許慎對本義、引申義、假借義還沒有十分清晰的界定，再加上對聲訓的使用過寬，導致了《說文》釋義方面存在一定的混亂。 第五章論述了道家思想對許慎文字觀的影響。漢代早期，道家思想盛行。老子對“一”的解釋，不僅于王道思想無礙，對后世世界觀的影響也很大，因此許慎能夠在漢代“重始貴元”的意識之下大膽地引入老子的觀點。而老子關于世間“四大”的理論，于政治闡釋王道思想是極為有益的，因此截取老子之言來解釋“大”字。 第六章論述儒家和五行思想對許慎文字觀的影響。漢代自董仲舒之后“罷黜百家，獨尊儒術”，儒家成為漢代的正統(tǒng)思想。而此時的儒家思想已經(jīng)具有了時代的特色，，他們大肆強調(diào)王道，許慎用“三、王、帝”等字構成了一個嚴密的王道體系，迎合了統(tǒng)治階級的君權思想。中央集權與社會的尊君以及人們的名節(jié)觀念息息相關，許慎以玉之五德講君子之道，符合社會多以“五”定名的觀念。而為了達到中央集權的目的，除了政治上的高壓政策之外，迷信的愚民手段必不可少，許慎對“示、螟、囏、蟊”等字就完全符合漢代的天人感應觀。以儒家思想解釋這些字，根本的目的還是為政權服務，許慎即便有按學術原則析形解義的想法，恐怕也難以見許于當時。自漢代《淮南子》將五行思想臻于完善、董仲舒借以大肆闡釋人倫準則之后，五行思想對漢代就產(chǎn)生了巨大的影響，《說文》對一些數(shù)目字以及天干地支的解釋則充分證明了這一點。 第七章論述了其他因素對許慎撰著《說文》的影響。 附錄是《說文》“誤釋字”一覽表，包括學界已經(jīng)論述和本文的新發(fā)現(xiàn)。從表中我們可以看到析形之誤和釋義之誤的具體情況。 通過研究，我們認為對《說文解字》，應該從歷時與共時相結(jié)合的角度予以全面的理解，既要看清由于時代的局限而不可避免的析形釋義之誤，更要了解它在漢字演變中所起的無可替代的承上啟下的作用，充分認識到它為“治小學之津梁”“解經(jīng)書之管鑰”的價值。舍此，皆失之片面。
[Abstract]:< ShuoWenJieZi > is the Eastern Han Dynasty works, was the "modern achievement", the book is not exegesis, "list", "descendants of the word", but not "Gu Lin", which reflects the historical environment and the author of Xu Shen's knowledge level. Today, social life. Culture than the time it combined with the ancient scholars as far apart as heaven and earth, continuous research and development of new found a large number of pre Qin ancient writing materials and paleography for hundreds of years, today we will read < word >, you will find a lot of "inappropriate" and "wrong", this is what we call 'mistake the word ". This paper is the shape and interpretation on the interpretation of these words, explain the" error ".
The article is divided into nine parts: the introduction gives a detailed description of the object of the study, the status of the research and the research methods.
The first chapter introduces the background of Xu Shen works < Shuowen >, involves the word outlook and argument in academic circles, it is helpful for us to understand the limitations of Xu Shen book of < > Shuowen and overall grasp.
The second, third chapter we follow the two weeks from the Shang Oracle, bronze inscriptions, the Warring States BambooSilk text reviewing Xiaozhuan shape, 677 words in the academic circles have been discussed to the outside to explain the 170 glyph "Shuowen", and will analyse the problems summarized as eleven categories, its forming reasons are three: one is erroneous forms; two is "correct, but Xu Shen do not understand the meaning of each component is three; Xu Shen made unreasonable arrangement of subjective adjustments.
The fourth chapter discusses the main problems of Shuowen > < interpretation. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, the meaning of theory is not perfect, Xu Shen of the original meaning, extended meaning, under the guise of righteousness not yet defined very clearly, coupled with the use of shengxun is too wide, resulting in "there is a degree of confusion. The interpretation of Shuowen >
The fifth chapter discusses the influence of Taoism on Xu Shen's view on character. The early Han Dynasty, Taoism prevailed. Lao Tzu explanations of "one", not only in the way thought without problems, influence on the later world view is also great, so Xu Shen can introduce Lao Tzu under the Han Dynasty "restart your element" consciousness of bile the point of view. And Lao Tzu on world of the "big four" theory in political interpretation way thought is extremely useful, so the interception Lao Tzu words to explain the word "big".
The sixth chapter discusses the Confucian thought and five lines of text on Xu Shen. The influence of Han Dynasty since Dong Zhongshu "deposed 100, only Confucianism", Confucianism became the orthodox ideology of Han Dynasty. While the Confucianism has the characteristics of the times, they have stressed the king, Xu Shen "three, Wang Di," and the word form a strict system to meet the king, the ruling class of the monarchical centralization and social ideology. Monarch and people's honor concept is closely related to Xu Shen jade five tell gentleman, with society with "Five" "concept. In order to achieve the purpose of centralization, in addition to high pressure policy politically, the superstition of the essential means of obscurantism, Xu Shen", Ethopia, Jian, Mao "totally accords with the Han Dynasty. The concept of heaven and man of Confucian thought in the interpretation of these words, the fundamental purpose is for the regime, Xu Shen Even according to the academic analysis of the principle of righteousness form solution idea, I am afraid it is difficult to see Xu in at that time. Since the Han Dynasty "Huainan sub > five line of thought on the consummation, after which Dong Zhongshu wantonly interpretation of human relations standards, five lines of thought of the Han Dynasty had a huge impact on some number > < Shuowen and explain. This is fully proved this point.
The seventh chapter discusses the influence of other factors on Xu Shen writing < Shuowen >.
The appendix is < > "Shuowen misexplain" list, including the newly discovered scholars have discussed and the specific situation. We can see from the table of shape error and interpretation errors.
Through the research, we think that the < ShuoWenJieZi >, should from diachronic and synchronic perspective to a comprehensive understanding, not only to see the limitations of the times and analyse the inevitable mistakes of interpretation, to understand it in the Chinese characters in the evolution of the irreplaceable role, fully aware of it "in the" primary school Jinliang "understand the classics of key value. There are one-sided.

【學位授予單位】：河北大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：H161

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