本文選題：話語標記　切入點：X了　出處：《南京師范大學》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：話語標記是在交際中確保說話人和聽話人理解交流的重要標記手段,它反映了語言使用者對語境的一種順應,幫助說話人構建語篇,實現(xiàn)不同的語用功能從而促成交際。 本文基于漢語的語言事實,選取現(xiàn)代漢語中“X了”這類話語標記,以話語標記、認知語法為理論支撐,對現(xiàn)代漢語“X了”的分布、語義和功能進行了細致全面的描寫分析。 首先,在前人研究的基礎之上對現(xiàn)代漢語“X了”進行界定,得到現(xiàn)代漢語“X了”的甄別標準,根據(jù)這一甄別標準,篩選出符合這一標準的研究對象11個；其次,從形式上考察了“X了”的運用和分布狀況；再次,根據(jù)“X了”的語義特征對其進行語義分類,并具體分析每一類別內部的異同；最后,從語篇功能、元語用功能、人際交往功能三方面對“X了”的話語功能進行了全面的探討。 本研究的主要結論有： 1.話語標記“X了”是指既不作句子的語法成分又不影響話語的真值意義,語義逐漸虛化,有著顯著的程序意義或情感態(tài)度意義,對話語的連貫和理解起到標記引導作用的雙音節(jié)詞�！癤了”在話語中的分布狀況是不平衡的,其分布頻率從高到低依次是：話輪的開頭話輪的中是獨立運用話輪的末尾。 2.根據(jù)語義語法學的理論,將“X了”從語義上分為三大類：順承義、勸阻義和損失義。其中,表順承義的“X了”根據(jù)承接內容的不同分為了兩小類；表勸阻義的“X了”根據(jù)勸阻的語義程度的不同分為三小類；表損失義的“x了”從標記的嚴重程度上看,從高到低依次為：完了：慘了糟了壞了。 3.話語標記“X了”的語篇功能表現(xiàn)在以下四個方面：設立話題、延續(xù)話題、結束話題和轉移話題；元語用意識表現(xiàn)在以下三個方面：提示話語進程,引起對方注意,標示情感態(tài)度；人際交往功能表現(xiàn)在兩個方面：減少努力程度增加認知效果,遵循禮貌原則減少沖突矛盾。 本研究在借鑒前人研究成果的基礎上,嘗試運用話語標記這一理論對現(xiàn)代漢語“X了”從語義和功能角度進行研究,拓寬了研究的思路,也為對外漢語口語教學提供了一定的參考資料。
[Abstract]:Discourse markers are important markers to ensure the communication between speakers and listeners in communication. It reflects a linguistic user's adaptation to context, helps speakers build texts, and achieves different pragmatic functions, thus facilitated communication.
Based on the fact of Chinese language, we choose the discourse markers such as "X" in modern Chinese, and take discourse markers and cognitive grammar as theoretical support to make a detailed and comprehensive description of the distribution, semantics and functions of "X le" in modern Chinese.
First of all, on the basis of the previous studies on Modern Chinese "X" is defined by modern Chinese "X" screening criteria, according to the screening criteria, selected research object in line with the standards of 11; secondly, we study the distribution of "X" in the form; again, according to the semantic classification of semantic features of "X", and analyzes the similarities and differences within each category; finally, from the perspective of discourse function, meta pragmatic function, interpersonal function of the three aspects of "X" discourse functions are discussed.
The main conclusions of this study are as follows:
1. the discourse marker "X" refers to the truth value of neither the grammatical elements without affecting discourse, semantic grammaticalization, significant procedural meaning or emotional attitude, to discourse coherence and understanding to mark the guiding role of disyllabic words. The distribution of X. "The discourse is not balanced, the distribution of frequency from high to low in turn is: turn the beginning of turn is independent when it is used at the end.
2. according to the theory of semantic grammar, "X" from the semantic is divided into three categories: the righteousness, righteousness and justice. The loss of dissuasion, Shun Cheng Yi's "X table" according to different contents to undertake two types; dissuading "X" according to to the semantics of the different levels for three types of table; "X" meaning loss from the severity of Mark's, from high to low: finished: Oh, bad bad.
3. the discourse marker "X" discourse functions in the following four aspects: the establishment of the topic, the continuation of topic, topic and topic shift end; meta pragmatic awareness in the following three aspects: the discourse process, attracting attention, marked emotional attitudes; interpersonal function in two aspects: reduce the cognitive the effect of effort, follow the politeness principle to reduce conflicts.
On the basis of previous studies, this study tried to apply discourse markers to the study of "X" in modern Chinese from the perspective of semantics and function, which broadened the way of thinking and provided some references for oral Chinese teaching in TCFL.

【學位授予單位】：南京師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：H146

【引證文獻】

相關博士學位論文 前1條

1 劉麗艷;口語交際中的話語標記[D];浙江大學;2005年

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本文編號：1586131