本文選題：轉(zhuǎn)喻　切入點(diǎn)：《圍城》　出處：《西南大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：轉(zhuǎn)喻的研究伊始于亞里士多德時(shí)期,最初被認(rèn)為是用某事物的名稱(chēng)替代與其相關(guān)的相近事物的名稱(chēng)的一種特殊修辭手段。隨著近年來(lái)認(rèn)知科學(xué)和認(rèn)知語(yǔ)言學(xué)的不斷發(fā)展,人們對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)喻的認(rèn)識(shí)發(fā)生了很大的轉(zhuǎn)變。尤其是上世紀(jì)八十年代初,雷科夫和約翰遜的著作《我們賴(lài)以生存的隱喻》問(wèn)世以來(lái),認(rèn)知語(yǔ)言學(xué)家們?cè)谵D(zhuǎn)喻的研究上有了許多新的發(fā)現(xiàn)。轉(zhuǎn)喻被認(rèn)為是一種概念現(xiàn)象,人類(lèi)思維的重要方式,普遍存在于我們的日常語(yǔ)言和思維中,并且能夠組織我們的語(yǔ)言、思維和行動(dòng)。Lakoff(1987)認(rèn)為轉(zhuǎn)喻就是由較凸顯或者是容易被認(rèn)知的概念實(shí)體作為參照點(diǎn)來(lái)觸發(fā)認(rèn)知另一概念實(shí)體的過(guò)程。轉(zhuǎn)喻的研究在20世紀(jì)90年代慢慢升溫,Panther和Radden(1999)指出,作為人類(lèi)基本的認(rèn)知釋解方式之一,其甚至是比隱喻更基本的人類(lèi)思維方式。Radden和Kovecses (1999)將轉(zhuǎn)喻理解為在同一個(gè)理想化認(rèn)知模型中,一個(gè)概念實(shí)體為另一個(gè)概念實(shí)體提供心理通道的認(rèn)知過(guò)程。轉(zhuǎn)喻的認(rèn)知基礎(chǔ)在于認(rèn)知凸顯性和概念的鄰近性,其使用是有理?yè)?jù)的。認(rèn)知語(yǔ)言學(xué)家對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)喻的運(yùn)作機(jī)制方面從不同的視角提出了不同的模型,比方說(shuō),映射、凸顯或者認(rèn)知參照點(diǎn)。對(duì)于概念轉(zhuǎn)喻的作用,本文主要討論了其在認(rèn)知、語(yǔ)義、語(yǔ)用和語(yǔ)篇方面的作用。 對(duì)小說(shuō)文本的研究起始于古希臘時(shí)代,柏拉圖和亞里士多德在他們的討論中就涉及到對(duì)戲劇和詩(shī)歌的寫(xiě)作和欣賞的認(rèn)識(shí)和看法。小說(shuō)是一種典型的敘事形式,在敘事過(guò)程中,作者需要選擇一定的信息進(jìn)行意義表征,以此來(lái)構(gòu)建整部小說(shuō)；而對(duì)于讀者在理解的過(guò)程中,也需要結(jié)合一定的背景知識(shí),有選擇的理解和吸收小說(shuō)文本內(nèi)涵。這一構(gòu)建和理解的過(guò)程正正符合概念轉(zhuǎn)喻的思維和推理過(guò)程。而概念轉(zhuǎn)喻作為一種思維和認(rèn)知方式,可以表征小說(shuō)文本世界。小說(shuō)中的轉(zhuǎn)喻及轉(zhuǎn)喻思維可以說(shuō)明作者在創(chuàng)作小說(shuō)和讀者在解讀小說(shuō)時(shí)的認(rèn)知過(guò)程。 《圍城》是中國(guó)著名小說(shuō)家錢(qián)鐘書(shū)的杰作之一,近年來(lái),社會(huì)各界學(xué)者從各個(gè)方面對(duì)其進(jìn)行了廣泛的研究,包括文學(xué)、美學(xué)、語(yǔ)言學(xué)等。在語(yǔ)言學(xué)方面,語(yǔ)言學(xué)家們綜合翻譯、語(yǔ)用及認(rèn)知等理論對(duì)該著作進(jìn)行了深入的分析和研究,其中有學(xué)者從語(yǔ)用學(xué)和認(rèn)知語(yǔ)言學(xué)角度對(duì)《圍城》中的隱喻及其翻譯做出解釋和分析。而本文通過(guò)分析發(fā)現(xiàn)《圍城》中也大量存在轉(zhuǎn)喻及轉(zhuǎn)喻思維,并且目前在此方面對(duì)該小說(shuō)的研究甚少。因此,本文試圖分析《圍城》中的轉(zhuǎn)喻,即轉(zhuǎn)喻在該部小說(shuō)中如何體現(xiàn),這種轉(zhuǎn)喻思維是如何構(gòu)建小說(shuō)內(nèi)容的,及出現(xiàn)在小說(shuō)中的概念轉(zhuǎn)喻方式與思維對(duì)構(gòu)建和理解該部小說(shuō)又有何作用。 具體說(shuō)來(lái),本文著重分析了該小說(shuō)中出現(xiàn)的轉(zhuǎn)喻指稱(chēng)以及小說(shuō)在具體敘事上的轉(zhuǎn)喻概念思維,主要表現(xiàn)在該小說(shuō)在人物刻畫(huà)、呈現(xiàn)事件、背景和人物描寫(xiě)過(guò)程中對(duì)于細(xì)節(jié)方面的選擇上。在人物刻畫(huà)方面,人物的面貌特征和居住環(huán)境往往與人物特性有一致性或者是因果關(guān)系,所以,在閱讀上,讀者可以根據(jù)外貌特征和居住環(huán)境來(lái)判斷人物特性。作者在刻畫(huà)事件時(shí),可以選擇凸顯的子事件來(lái)替代整個(gè)事件過(guò)程,這樣不僅避免了細(xì)節(jié)上的累贅又不妨礙讀者根據(jù)特定背景理解小說(shuō)內(nèi)容。在人物或背景的描寫(xiě)方面,可以選擇突出的身體特點(diǎn)或外貌特征、突出的地點(diǎn)來(lái)描寫(xiě)整個(gè)人物或背景。這些都體現(xiàn)了一定的轉(zhuǎn)喻思維,例如,局部代整體、子事件代整個(gè)事件、凸顯特征代整個(gè)范疇。本文通過(guò)分析發(fā)現(xiàn),小說(shuō)《圍城》中不僅包含了很多轉(zhuǎn)喻的表達(dá),而且轉(zhuǎn)喻思維在許多方面都體現(xiàn)在作者構(gòu)建敘事和讀者理解敘事的過(guò)程中,這些轉(zhuǎn)喻表達(dá)和思維不僅起著指稱(chēng)的作用,而且還表現(xiàn)在推理和語(yǔ)言經(jīng)濟(jì)方面。把概念轉(zhuǎn)喻與具體小說(shuō)結(jié)合起來(lái),對(duì)于小說(shuō)的理解和概念轉(zhuǎn)喻研究都將起到極大的促進(jìn)作用,也能夠進(jìn)一步加深我們對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)喻的認(rèn)識(shí),同時(shí)拓展了轉(zhuǎn)喻研究領(lǐng)域。
[Abstract]:At the beginning of the study of Metonymy in Aristotle period, was initially thought to be used as a rhetorical device name the name of something instead of related similar things. With the development of cognitive science and cognitive linguistics in recent years, has changed our understanding of metonymy. Especially in the last century at the beginning of 80s, Lakoff and the works of Johnson < > metaphor we live since the advent of cognitive linguists in Metonymy research has many new discoveries. Metonymy is regarded as a conceptual phenomenon, an important way of human thinking, ubiquitous in everyday language and thought, and be able to organize our language and thinking. The actions of.Lakoff (1987) that is more prominent by metonymy or conceptual entity known as easy to process the reference point to trigger another entity. The concept of cognitive metonymy The study of slowly warming in 1990s, Panther and Radden (1999) pointed out that, as one of the basic human cognitive interpretation, it is even more fundamental than metaphor of human thinking mode of.Radden and Kovecses (1999) will be understood as metonymy in the same idealized cognitive model, a cognitive process of conceptual entity to another a conceptual entity provides mental access. Metonymy is the cognitive salience and proximity concept, its use is justified. The operation mechanism of metonymy cognitive linguists proposed different models from different angles, for example, mapping, or highlight the cognitive reference point for conceptual metonymy. This paper mainly discusses its role in cognitive, semantic, pragmatic and discourse function.
Study on the novels originated in ancient Greece, Platon and Aristotle is involved in drama and poetry writing and appreciation of knowledge and ideas in their discussion. The novel is a typical form of narrative in the narrative process, the author needs to choose a certain representation of information, so as to construct the whole department novel; and for readers in the process of understanding, but also requires a combination of certain background knowledge, have a choice to understand and absorb the text connotation. The construction and understanding of the process is in line with the thinking and reasoning process of conceptual metonymy. Metonymy as a way of thinking and cognition, can characterize the novel text world. Metonymy and metonymic thinking in the novel can explain the author in the creation of novels and readers in interpreting novel cognitive processes.
< siege > is one of the masterpieces of Chinese famous novelist Qian Zhongshu in recent years, scholars from all walks of life from the aspects of its extensive research, including literature, aesthetics, linguistics and so on. In linguistics, linguists comprehensive translation, pragmatic and cognitive theory in-depth analysis and Research on the work, including scholars of metaphor on the < > in the siege and its translation from the perspective of pragmatics and cognitive linguistics to explain and analysis. And this paper also found that there are a lot of < siege > metonymy and metonymic thinking, and at present the research on this novel is very little. Therefore, this paper tries to analyze metonymy < > in the siege, namely how to metonymy reflected in this novel, the metonymic thinking is how to construct the content of the novel, and appears in the novel conceptual metonymy and Thinking on the construction and interpretation of the novel also has what function.
Specifically, this paper focuses on the analysis of the conceptual metonymy thinking metonymies in the novel narrative novels in reference and specific, mainly presenting events in the novel in the characters, background and characters in the process of the details of the selection. In Figure Carved painting, features and characters of the living environment often with character consistency or causal relationship, therefore, in reading, the reader can according to the physical characteristics and the living environment to judge the character. The author in the description of events, can choose to highlight the sub events to replace the entire event process, which not only avoids the cumbersome details and does not interfere with the reader to understand the content of the novel according to the specific background. In the character or background description, body characteristics or appearance feature selection highlight the prominent place to describe the characters or background. These are Reflects certain metonymic thinking, for example, local generation, generation of sub events throughout the event, highlighting the characteristics of the whole generation category. The analysis result shows that the novel < siege > includes not only the expression of a lot of metonymy, metonymic thinking and are reflected in many aspects of the construction of narrative and narrative in the author's understanding of these. Metonymy and thinking not only plays a reference role, but also in economic reasoning and language. The conceptual metonymy and specific novels combine understanding and conceptual metonymy to the novel research will play a great role in promoting, can further deepen our understanding of metonymy metonymy, while expanding the research field.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：H15

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