本文選題：“前后”　切入點(diǎn)：“左右”　出處：《上海師范大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：“前后”、“左右”、“上下”是生活中頻繁使用的詞語，它們的語義廣用法多樣，且彼此間既有交叉又有區(qū)別，容易引起混淆。本文以語料庫(kù)中分別出現(xiàn)“前后”、“左右”、“上下”的例句為依據(jù)，重點(diǎn)考察這幾個(gè)詞的空間義、時(shí)間義和概數(shù)義等語義，并在此基礎(chǔ)上探討這三個(gè)詞與其它詞或者詞組進(jìn)行搭配時(shí)的用法及選擇機(jī)制。通過研究，希望能對(duì)目前“前后”、“左右”、“上下”的語義和用法做出完整系統(tǒng)的考察，從而為今后的進(jìn)一步深入研究打下基礎(chǔ)，同時(shí)為漢語教學(xué)和自動(dòng)分詞等領(lǐng)域提供一些參考和借鑒。 全文共分六章： 第一章是緒論。該章首先界定我們的研究對(duì)象，然后介紹研究的意義，接著對(duì)目前國(guó)內(nèi)外的研究狀況進(jìn)行評(píng)述，在此基礎(chǔ)上借鑒前人的研究成果，提出本文的研究方法和策略。最后介紹我們所采用的語料及處理方法。 第二章研究“前后”的語義和用法。本章在大量語料的基礎(chǔ)上總結(jié)分析了“前后”的空間義和時(shí)間義，然后重點(diǎn)討論了“X+前后”和“前后+X”格式對(duì)“X”的選擇，以及“X”進(jìn)入“X+前后”后的語法特點(diǎn)變化。 第三章分析“左右”的語義和用法。本章主要討論了“左右”的空間義、時(shí)間義和概數(shù)義。在此基礎(chǔ)上，著重分析了“X+左右”格式在時(shí)間義和概數(shù)義上的用法，探討了各種可能的結(jié)構(gòu)形式。 第四章論述“上下”的語義和用法。依據(jù)“上下”在不同語境下表述的不同，，描述了“上下”的語義，重點(diǎn)探討了“X+上下”格式在表概數(shù)義時(shí)上的用法以及和此格式相關(guān)聯(lián)的動(dòng)詞。 第五章在前三章的基礎(chǔ)上，分別對(duì)“前后”和“左右”在表示時(shí)間約量上的語義分布和用法表現(xiàn)，“左右”和“上下”在表示數(shù)量約量上的語義分布和用法表現(xiàn)作了細(xì)致比較，系統(tǒng)地對(duì)“前后”、“左右”、“上下”的表義轄域和用法區(qū)別作了介紹，并對(duì)三者之間的共性和差異從認(rèn)知角度給出了可能的解釋。 第六章是結(jié)語部分。該章首先對(duì)本文的主要內(nèi)容進(jìn)行了總結(jié)，進(jìn)而提出存在的不足和尚需解決的問題，并對(duì)未來的研究作了展望。
[Abstract]:The words "before and after", "left and right", "up and down" are frequently used in life. Based on the examples of "before and after", "left and right", "up and down" in the corpus, this paper focuses on the spatial meaning, temporal meaning and general number meaning of these words. On the basis of this, the usage and selection mechanism of the three words collocation with other words or phrases are discussed. Through the research, we hope to make a complete and systematic investigation on the semantics and usage of "before and after", "left and right", "up and down", etc. It will lay a foundation for further research and provide some references for Chinese teaching and automatic word segmentation. The full text is divided into six chapters:. The first chapter is the introduction. This chapter first defines our research object, then introduces the significance of the study, then reviews the current research situation at home and abroad, and draws lessons from the previous research results. The research methods and strategies of this paper are put forward. Finally, the corpus and processing methods are introduced. The second chapter studies the semantics and usage of "before and after". This chapter summarizes and analyzes the spatial meaning and temporal meaning of "before and after" on the basis of a large number of corpus, and then discusses the choice of "X" in "before and after" and "before and after X". And the change of grammatical characteristics after "X" entering "X". The third chapter analyzes the semantics and usage of "left and right". This chapter mainly discusses the spatial meaning, temporal meaning and approximate meaning of "left and right". Various possible structural forms are discussed. Chapter 4th discusses the semantics and usage of "Shang and Xia". According to the different expressions of "Shang and Xia" in different contexts, it describes the semantics of "Upper and Lower". This paper mainly discusses the use of "X up and down" format in table estimation and the verbs associated with it. On the basis of the first three chapters, Chapter 5th makes a detailed comparison of the semantic distribution and usage of "before and after" and "left and right" in the representation of the approximate amount of time, and the semantic distribution and usage of "left and right" and "up and down" on the representation of the quantity of approximate quantity. This paper systematically introduces the meaning and usage differences of "before and after", "left and right", "up and down", and gives a possible explanation of the commonness and difference between them from the perspective of cognition. Chapter 6th is the conclusion part. This chapter summarizes the main contents of this paper, then puts forward the shortcomings and problems that need to be solved, and makes a prospect for the future research.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：H146

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