發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-02 11:25

  本文選題：名詞　切入點(diǎn)：動(dòng)詞　出處：《南開大學(xué)》2012年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：在世界語言中，幾乎所有語言都具有名詞和動(dòng)詞這兩個(gè)詞類。名詞和動(dòng)詞作為語言中重要而基本的詞類，在句法、語義、語用等語言層面上既有區(qū)別又有聯(lián)系。由于缺少嚴(yán)格意義上的形態(tài)，漢語名詞和動(dòng)詞的劃分問題還存在不同的意見。心理語言學(xué)、神經(jīng)語言學(xué)等方面的研究可能有助于解決這個(gè)問題。因?yàn)檎Z言與大腦的關(guān)系是密不可分的。大腦的左右兩個(gè)半球，在功能上有所不同，存在偏側(cè)化現(xiàn)象。研究漢語名詞和動(dòng)詞在左腦和右腦中的加工和表征，對(duì)認(rèn)識(shí)語言和大腦都具有重要意義。 本文通過ERP技術(shù)和半視野速示技術(shù)，對(duì)漢語名詞、動(dòng)詞、動(dòng)名兼類詞的語義加工進(jìn)行了考察，并且通過進(jìn)一步匹配動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)名兼類詞的具體性，對(duì)語義特征和具體性在語義加工中的作用進(jìn)行了探討。通過比較左腦/右視野和右腦/左視野條件下，不同詞類加工的表現(xiàn)，對(duì)語言加工中的偏側(cè)化現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行了討論。在對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果充分分析的基礎(chǔ)上，本文主要得到以下結(jié)果： 1）漢語名詞、動(dòng)詞作為兩個(gè)基本詞類，在語義加工過程中存在差別。在不區(qū)分視野呈現(xiàn)條件下，名詞和動(dòng)詞的P2和N400存在差異；在半視野呈現(xiàn)條件下，名詞和動(dòng)詞的N400在左腦/右視野和右腦/左視野中都存在差別。名詞和動(dòng)詞在語義加工中表現(xiàn)出的差異，一方面是因?yàn)槊~和動(dòng)詞具有不同的語義特征，另一方面是因?yàn)槊~和動(dòng)詞在具體性上存在差別。名詞、動(dòng)詞的分離不應(yīng)在形態(tài)層面和句法層面上，名詞和動(dòng)詞的差別也不是源于具體性的不同。 2）漢語動(dòng)名兼類詞處于典型名詞和典型動(dòng)詞的中間狀態(tài)，在逐漸具備了名動(dòng)兩種句法功能的同時(shí)，，其語義也發(fā)生了變化，體現(xiàn)出不同于名詞和動(dòng)詞的語義特征。N400和LPC兩個(gè)成分可以體現(xiàn)這種語義差異，并表現(xiàn)出動(dòng)名兼類詞從動(dòng)詞逐漸向名詞發(fā)展的語義動(dòng)態(tài)軌跡。同時(shí)，動(dòng)名兼類詞與名詞和動(dòng)詞的差異還表明，在進(jìn)入句法位置前，動(dòng)名兼類詞就為能夠同時(shí)實(shí)現(xiàn)名詞和動(dòng)詞的句法功能做好了語義上的準(zhǔn)備，體現(xiàn)語言的語義層面和句法層面的對(duì)應(yīng)一致性。 3）具體性變量在語言加工中具有重要作用。在語義加工中，具體性會(huì)影響N400成分的波幅。但是具體性對(duì)于不同詞類加工的影響不同，具體名詞和抽象名詞之間的N400差異要大于具體動(dòng)詞和抽象動(dòng)詞之間的N400差異，說明具體性對(duì)名詞加工和表征的影響更為顯著。這種差異與名詞、動(dòng)詞的語義特征有關(guān)，具體性更適合對(duì)名詞進(jìn)行分析。 4）在語言加工中，左腦和右腦之間是分工協(xié)作的。在語義加工過程中，左腦主要負(fù)責(zé)語言的加工，右腦主要負(fù)責(zé)形象的加工；左腦多是對(duì)主要的、單一語義進(jìn)行加工，右腦多是對(duì)廣泛的、多個(gè)語義進(jìn)行加工。 5）N400至少具有兩個(gè)子成分，一個(gè)與語義特征的加工有關(guān)，一個(gè)與具體性的加工有關(guān)。LPC在詞匯判斷任務(wù)中體現(xiàn)判斷的確定性，單義詞和多義詞加工的差異可以通過LPC體現(xiàn)出來。
[Abstract]:In almost all languages of the world, there are two parts of speech: nouns and verbs. Nouns and verbs are important and basic parts of speech in syntax and semantics. Pragmatics and other linguistic levels are both different and related. Due to the lack of strict form, there are still different opinions on the division of nouns and verbs in Chinese. Studies in neurolinguistics and other areas may help solve this problem, because language is inextricably linked to the brain. The left and right hemispheres of the brain are functionally different. The study of the processing and representation of Chinese nouns and verbs in the left and right brain is of great significance to the understanding of both language and brain. In this paper, the semantic processing of Chinese nouns, verbs and verb-nomenclature words is investigated by means of ERP technique and semi-visual field technique, and the concrete features of verbs and verb-noun compound words are further matched. This paper discusses the role of semantic features and specificity in semantic processing. By comparing the performance of different parts of speech processing under the conditions of left brain / right visual field and right brain / left visual field, The phenomenon of lateralization in language processing is discussed. Based on the full analysis of the experimental results, the following results are obtained:. 1) as two basic parts of speech, Chinese nouns and verbs are different in semantic processing. N400 of noun and verb is different in left brain / right visual field and right brain / left visual field. The difference between noun and verb in semantic processing is due to the different semantic characteristics of noun and verb. On the other hand, there are differences between noun and verb in concreteness. The separation of noun and verb should not be on the level of form and syntax, nor is the difference between noun and verb due to the difference of concreteness. 2) Chinese verb-noun words are in the intermediate state of typical nouns and typical verbs, and their semantics have also changed while they gradually have two syntactic functions of noun and verb. The semantic features. N400 and LPC, which are different from nouns and verbs, can reflect this semantic difference, and show the semantic dynamic track of the development of the words of both noun and verb from verb to noun. At the same time, The differences between verb-nomenclature and noun and verb also show that before entering the syntactic position, verb-noun and verb are semantically prepared to realize the syntactic function of both noun and verb at the same time. It embodies the correspondence consistency between semantic level and syntactic level of language. 3) concrete variables play an important role in language processing. In semantic processing, concreteness affects the amplitude of N400 component, but concreteness has different effects on processing of different parts of speech. The N400 difference between concrete nouns and abstract nouns is greater than that between concrete verbs and abstract verbs, which indicates that concreteness has a more significant effect on the processing and representation of nouns. This difference is related to the semantic characteristics of nouns and verbs. Concreteness is more suitable for the analysis of nouns. 4) in language processing, there is a division of labor between the left brain and the right brain. In semantic processing, the left brain is mainly responsible for language processing, while the right brain is mainly responsible for image processing. The right brain processes a wide range of semantics. 5N400 has at least two sub-components, one is related to the processing of semantic features, the other is related to concrete processing. LPC-related deterministic judgment in lexical judgment task. The difference between mononymy and polysemy processing can be reflected through LPC.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南開大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：H146.2;H0-05

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 朱德熙 ,v緙孜

本文編號(hào)：1556316