本文關鍵詞： 梅縣方言 福州方言 長沙方言 聲調 發(fā)聲類型　出處：《南京師范大學》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：本文采用實驗的方法研究梅縣、福州、長沙三個方言的聲調,包括三方言點單字調的調型和時長研究,雙字調的模式和時長研究,聲調的發(fā)聲類型研究。 本項實驗研究使用Real-Time EGG Analysis軟件提取梅縣、福州、長沙三方言點單字EGG信號的基頻數(shù)據(jù),通過MATLAB7.1自編程序提取各單字標注段20個點的基頻數(shù)據(jù),利用T值法和時間歸一法對三方言點單字調的基頻和時長數(shù)據(jù)進行歸一,得到三方言點單字調格局。主要結論如下：(1)梅縣方言的單字調格局：陰平44,陽平21,上聲31,去聲52,陰入32,陽入5；單字調的時長模式為：陰平陽平上聲去聲陰入陽入。(2)福州方言的單字調格局：陰平55,陽平52,上聲32,陰去31,陽去342,陰入24,陽入5；單字調的時長模式為：陽去陰平陰去上聲陽平陰入陽入。(3)長沙方言的單字調格局：陰平33,陽平213,上聲41,陰去45,陽去21,入聲24；單字調的時長模式為：陽平入聲陰平上聲陽去陰去。 從音高和時長研究梅縣、福州、長沙三方言的雙字調。首先獲取基頻和時長等聲學數(shù)據(jù),然后歸一化。主要結論如下：(1)梅縣方言雙字調的變調模式有：前字變調,后字不變。前字陰平、上聲和去聲遇后字是低調類陽平、上聲和陰入,改變調型,陰平由平調44變?yōu)樯{35,上聲由降調31變?yōu)槠秸{33,去聲由高降調52變?yōu)楦咂秸{55；前字陽平和陰入調高調值,陽平由低降調21變調為低平調22,陰入由32調高為43。(2)福州方言雙字調的變調模式有：前字變調,后字不變。前字陰平55出現(xiàn)變體54；陽平52變調為44、33；上聲32變調為33、34、55；雙字調巾去聲合為一類,前字變?yōu)?4、53；陰入變調為55、32、43、44、53；陽入5變調為44、33。(3)長沙方言雙字調的變調模式有：上聲和陽平在雙字調中變調,陽去作陽平后字和陰去前字時分成兩類,一類變調。上聲作前字由41變?yōu)?3；陽平作前字和后字時,由曲折調213變?yōu)榈蜕{23。 本文基于語言學的對比理念,在綜合分析漢語方言聲調各種發(fā)聲類型數(shù)據(jù)后,擬定了發(fā)聲類型的綜合判斷模型,即綜合對比開商、開閉比、抖動等參數(shù),以開商為主要判斷標準,其他參數(shù)作輔助判斷。正常嗓音作為中間參照值,大于中間值的是氣嗓音,小于中間值的是緊喉音,這樣得到一個發(fā)聲類型的基本序列。另外高音調嗓音可通過聲門波、基頻、速度商判定。判斷該模型巾使用的開商等數(shù)據(jù)采用參考水平線法和微分法提取,對梅縣、福州、長沙三方言聲調的發(fā)聲類型進行研究。主要結論如下：(1)梅縣方言舒聲調為正常嗓音,至音節(jié)末陰平、上聲由正常嗓音轉為氣嗓音；陰入為氣嗓音；陽入為緊喉音。(2)福州方言舒聲調為正常嗓音,至音節(jié)末陰平、上聲、陰去由正常嗓音轉為氣嗓音；陰入1為氣嗓音；陰入2和陽入受喉塞尾[-(?)]影響,由正常嗓音轉為緊喉音。(3)長沙方言陰平、陽平、上聲、陽去、入聲為正常嗓音,至音節(jié)末由正常嗓音轉為氣嗓音；陰去為高音調嗓音。 漢語九個方言點入聲的嗓音特征可以從表征發(fā)聲類型的開商、開閉比與舒聲對比分析,塞尾和喉塞尾都會影響相近的元音發(fā)聲態(tài),使開商、開閉比下降,有的使發(fā)聲類型轉變。綜合判斷的結論：梅縣陰入為氣嗓音,陽入為緊喉音；福州陰入為氣嗓音,陽入和部分陰入由正常嗓音轉為緊喉音；績溪、南昌入聲由正常嗓音轉為緊喉音；廣州、溫州為正常嗓音；長沙、太原入聲由正常嗓音轉為氣嗓音。
[Abstract]:In this paper, using the method of experiment research in Meixian, Fuzhou, Changsha three dialect tone, tone includes three dialect tones and the length of study, dual tone pattern and the length of study on phonation types of tone.
The experimental study on the extraction of Meixian, using Real-Time EGG Analysis software in Fuzhou, the fundamental data Changsha three dialect words of EGG signal, through the MATLAB7.1 program to extract the word tagging frequency data section 20 points, the T value of the three normalized dialect single syllable pitch and duration data method and time normalization method. Three dialect monosyllabic tone pattern. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) Meixian dialect monosyllabic tone pattern: Yinping 44, Yangping 21, shangsheng 31, Qusheng 52, Yin Yang 32, 5; the tones of long pattern: Yinping Yangping shangsheng Qusheng Yin Yang in Fuzhou dialect (2). The monosyllabic tone pattern: Yinping 55, Yangping 52, shangsheng Yinqu 32, 31 to 342, Yang, Yin Yang 24, 5; the tones of long pattern: yang to Yin Yin Yang to tone Yang Pingyin into. (3) Changsha dialect monosyllabic tone pattern: Yinping 33, Yangping 213 third, 41, Yinqu 45, Yangqu 21, 24 tone; monosyllabic tone pattern: long tone tone to Yin Yang Yang Ping Ping.
The pitch and duration of study in Meixian, Fuzhou, three Changsha dual tone dialect. First get the fundamental frequency and duration of acoustic data, and then normalized. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) dual tone tone sandhi mode of Meixian Dialect: the first character changes, after the words change. Before the word Yin, third and fourth tones in words is the kind of low-key Hinata, third and Yin, change of tone, tone 44 becomes rising by level 35, one of 31 to 33 by falling tone, tone by high fall 52 to high level 55; before the word and tune into a high value of Yin Yang Ping, Yang Ping from low falling tone 21 changes to the low level of 22. IVA is raised from 32 to 43. (2) dual tone tone sandhi mode of Fuzhou Dialect: the first character changes, after the word before the word appeared unchanged. Yinping 55 variant 54; 52 44,33 tone sandhi tone; 32 tone 33,34,55; dual tone Qusheng is a kind of towel, before the word changed to 44,53 Yin; the tone is 55,32,43,44,53; Yang 5 Changes to the 44,33. (3) Changsha dialect tone sandhi mode dual tone: sound and tone in the dual tone in tone, tone and words after Yang to Yin to before the word is divided into two categories, one kind of tone. The tone words changed from 41 to 43; before and after the word tone words, by turns 213 for low rising 23.
In this paper, based on the concept of comparative linguistics, the comprehensive analysis of various Chinese dialects tone phonation types of data, drafted the comprehensive judgment of phonation type model, namely comprehensive comparison operators, on-off ratio, jitter and other parameters to the operators as the main criterion, other parameters for auxiliary judgment. The normal voice as the reference value is greater than the middle, the median value is less than the median gas voice, is such a tight throat, vocal type basic sequence. In addition high pitched voice through the glottal wave, frequency, speed of business judgment. Judgment operators data the model used by the reference level towel line method and differential method of extraction, Meixian, Fuzhou study on Changsha, three tone phonation types. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) Meixian dialect tones for normal voice, to the end of one syllable Yin, from normal voice to voice for the gas into the gas; Yin Yang voice; In the tight guttural. (2) Fuzhou dialect tones for normal voice, tone, syllable to end Yin, Yin to a normal voice to voice into the 1 Yin gas; gas voice; Yin and Yang in 2 by glottal - (?)], from normal voice to tight throat. (3) Changsha Yin Ping dialect, tone, tone, tone of voice to Yang, as normal, to the end of a syllable of normal voice into the gas voice; Yinqu for high pitched voice.
The voice features of Chinese nine dialects can be characterized from tone phonation types open, open and close analysis and comparison level, tail plug and glottal will affect vowel phonation are similar to that of the open, open and close ratio decreased, some of the sound change. The comprehensive judgment of the type of Yin into the conclusion: Meixian for the gas into the tight guttural voice, Yang Yin; Fuzhou gas into the voice, and in part by the Yin Yang normal voice to close Jixi, Nanchang guttural; tone from normal voice to close Guangzhou, guttural; Wenzhou normal voice; Changsha Taiyuan, entering into the gas from the normal voice voice.

【學位授予單位】：南京師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：H17

【引證文獻】

相關碩士學位論文 前1條

1 任潔;基于EGG的廣州、績溪、西安方言聲調實驗研究[D];南京師范大學;2012年

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本文編號：1548390