本文關鍵詞： 關聯(lián)理論 相聲 反差效應 幽默 包袱　出處：《湖南農(nóng)業(yè)大學》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：相聲是中國傳統(tǒng)文化的奇葩,是我國民族文化的瑰寶,也是中國傳統(tǒng)言語幽默的集中表現(xiàn)。語言大師侯寶林先生曾說,相聲是一門語言的藝術,也是一門幽默的藝術。相聲主要通過系“包袱”和抖“包袱”的過程達到引人發(fā)笑的目的,讓人們在笑聲中受到教益和啟發(fā)。相聲是中國獨有的文化表現(xiàn)形式,因此,國外對相聲的研究甚少。相比較而言,國內學者對相聲的研究起步較早,但他們大多專注于相聲藝術自身特點的研究,如介紹相聲的起源和分類,相聲的說、學、逗、唱四項基本技能以及如何組織“包袱”等等。國內對相聲幽默語言的研究始于20世紀60年代,學者們大多從修辭的角度入手。 關聯(lián)理論是由Sperber和Wilson(1986)在其聯(lián)名出版的題為《關聯(lián)性：交際與認知》的專著中提出的。它是近年來給西方語用學界帶來較大影響的認知語用學理論。關聯(lián)理論自問世以來,就受到學者們極大的關注并被廣泛地應用于不同的研究領域,其中也包括對幽默的研究。然而,鮮有學者運用關聯(lián)理論對中國特有的幽默藝術——相聲幽默進行研究。鑒于此,本文將在關聯(lián)理論的視域中對相聲言語幽默的產(chǎn)生和理解進行試探性研究。 本文主要探討如下問題：(一)相聲為什么能使我們發(fā)笑?通常情況下,在聽相聲的過程中我們被逗得捧腹大笑,但卻很少思考其原因。對于此問題,本文試圖在關聯(lián)理論的框架下尋求答案；(二)相聲的目的之一是給聽眾帶去歡樂,其幽默策略主要有哪些?本文運用較大量的篇幅從語音、詞匯、句法和語義的角度對相聲言語幽默的技巧進行了探討；(三)聽眾在欣賞相聲言語幽默的過程中會經(jīng)歷哪些認知步驟?本文從關聯(lián)理論的視角,對相聲言語幽默的理解過程進行了描述：(四)交際失敗時有發(fā)生,相聲中的幽默交際也不例外,是哪些因素影響了聽眾欣賞相聲呢?通過研究發(fā)現(xiàn),關聯(lián)理論對相聲言語幽默具有很強的解釋力及適用性,其產(chǎn)生和理解都受制于關聯(lián)原則。在關聯(lián)理論的認知原則和交際原則的指導下,我們得到話語的最大關聯(lián)解釋和最佳關聯(lián)解釋。兩種解釋間的反差效應導致了幽默的產(chǎn)生。相聲言語幽默的理解過程實質上就是聽眾付出認知努力選擇語境、尋求關聯(lián)的過程。在此過程中,觀眾共需經(jīng)歷8個認知步驟。 用西方語言學理論來研究中國特色的語言現(xiàn)象具有積極的理論及實踐意義。一方面,本研究能進一步檢驗關聯(lián)理論的解釋力；另一方面,本文對相聲言語幽默的產(chǎn)生及理解過程的探索將加深我們對傳統(tǒng)文化精髓——相聲的了解,從而為弘揚傳統(tǒng)文化做出有益的貢獻；此外,本文的研究能幫助我們更好地創(chuàng)作及欣賞相聲,同時也為外國友人了解中國文化搭建了橋梁。
[Abstract]:Crosstalk is a wonderful work of Chinese traditional culture, a treasure of Chinese national culture, and a concentrated expression of Chinese traditional verbal humor. Mr. Hou Baolin, a master of Chinese language, once said that crosstalk is an art of language. Crosstalk is also an art of humor. Crosstalk is a unique cultural expression in China, which aims to make people laugh through the process of "baggage" and "burden shaking." There are very few studies on crosstalk in foreign countries. By comparison, domestic scholars started their research on crosstalk earlier, but most of them focused on the study of the characteristics of crosstalk art, such as introducing the origin and classification of crosstalk, talking, mimicking, teasing. Singing four basic skills and how to organize the "burden". The domestic research on comic humor language began in 1960s, scholars mostly from the perspective of rhetoric. Relevance Theory was proposed by Sperber and Wilson in 1986 in his monograph "relevance: communication and Cognition". It is a cognitive pragmatics theory which has brought great influence to the western pragmatics in recent years. It has attracted great attention of scholars and has been widely used in different research fields, including the study of humor. However, few scholars use relevance theory to study cross-talk humor, which is a unique humor art in China. In this paper, a tentative study of the generation and understanding of verbal humor in crosstalk is made in the perspective of relevance theory. This article mainly discusses the following question: (1) how can crosstalk make us laugh? Usually, we are laughed at in the process of listening to crosstalk, but we seldom think about the reasons. For this question, we try to find the answer in the framework of relevance theory. (2) one of the purposes of crosstalk is to bring joy to the audience. What are the main humor strategies? This paper discusses the techniques of crosstalk verbal humor from the perspectives of pronunciation, vocabulary, syntax and semantics. (3) what cognitive steps does the audience experience in the process of appreciating crosstalk verbal humor? From the perspective of relevance theory, this paper describes the process of understanding the verbal humor of crosstalk. The communication failure of the crosstalk (4) occurs from time to time, and the humorous communication in the crosstalk is no exception. What factors affect the audience's appreciation of the crosstalk? It is found that relevance theory has a strong explanatory power and applicability to the verbal humor of crosstalk, and its production and understanding are restricted by the relevance principle, which is guided by the cognitive and communicative principles of relevance theory. We get the maximum relevance interpretation and the best relevance interpretation of discourse. The contrast effect between the two interpretations leads to humor. In essence, the understanding process of cross-talk verbal humor is that the audience makes cognitive efforts to choose the context. The process of seeking relevance. In this process, the audience needs to go through eight cognitive steps. It has positive theoretical and practical significance to study the linguistic phenomena with Chinese characteristics by using western linguistic theories. On the one hand, this study can further test the explanatory power of relevance theory; on the other hand, In this paper, we will deepen our understanding of the essence of traditional culture-crosstalk and make a useful contribution to the promotion of traditional culture. The research in this paper can help us to create and appreciate crosstalk better, and also build a bridge for foreign friends to understand Chinese culture.
【學位授予單位】：湖南農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：H13

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