本文關(guān)鍵詞： 商務(wù)漢語詞匯 構(gòu)詞法 詞法模式 框架語義系統(tǒng) 商務(wù)漢語教材　出處：《中央民族大學(xué)》2012年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著專業(yè)領(lǐng)域語言研究的發(fā)展,從本體研究角度揭示各專業(yè)領(lǐng)域語言詞匯系統(tǒng)性特征,從語言應(yīng)用研究角度探尋二語詞匯教學(xué)在專業(yè)領(lǐng)域語言中的教學(xué)規(guī)律,都具有研究需求和價值,作者嘗試以商務(wù)漢語詞匯研究為例,基于專業(yè)二語詞匯學(xué)習(xí)難度主要是詞形、構(gòu)成方式、以及詞義等方面,而非專業(yè)背景知識的陌生化的原則,主要對商務(wù)漢語詞匯的本體和應(yīng)用教學(xué)進(jìn)行研究,采用定量和定性的研究方法,將詞匯形式和意義相結(jié)合,分析歸納商務(wù)漢語詞匯構(gòu)成方式及能產(chǎn)性詞法模式,并從應(yīng)用研究角度,構(gòu)建商務(wù)漢語詞匯框架語義層級系統(tǒng),在以上研究的基礎(chǔ)上,探尋商務(wù)漢語詞匯在教材中的編訂及其教學(xué)規(guī)律,以期為專門用途漢語研究提供一定的參考。 本論文共六章,第一章主要分析了商務(wù)漢語產(chǎn)生的背景、研究現(xiàn)狀及價值,首先對商務(wù)漢語進(jìn)行了界定,“商務(wù)漢語”是針對在商務(wù)領(lǐng)域中漢語為非母語的交際人群,主要將漢語作為工具,以達(dá)到商務(wù)專業(yè)的學(xué)習(xí)目的的專門用途的漢語。在此基礎(chǔ)上對本篇論文的研究對象商務(wù)漢語詞匯的數(shù)量、范圍進(jìn)行了界定,以《商務(wù)漢語考試大綱》中的詞表為主,建立“商務(wù)漢語詞匯數(shù)據(jù)庫”對詞匯進(jìn)行定量性統(tǒng)計研究。 第二章對商務(wù)漢語詞匯的典型特征進(jìn)行了分析,商務(wù)漢語詞匯與普通漢語詞匯對比有所區(qū)別但也有交叉,本章中主要分析了商務(wù)漢語詞匯具備的專門用途漢語特點,總結(jié)了7個方面的突出特點。 第三章主要對商務(wù)漢語詞匯的構(gòu)成方式和類別傾向性進(jìn)行構(gòu)詞特征分析研究。在類別傾向性上,偏正式、動賓式、聯(lián)合式是商務(wù)漢語詞匯構(gòu)詞的主要類別,存在少量使用特殊結(jié)構(gòu)類型。在構(gòu)成方式上商務(wù)漢語詞匯中的復(fù)合詞占了較大比例；類詞綴增強(qiáng)了商務(wù)漢語詞匯的構(gòu)詞能力；雙音節(jié)縮成單音節(jié)增強(qiáng)了術(shù)語的書面性；商務(wù)漢語中存在大量縮略詞,詞匯化現(xiàn)象較為明顯；商務(wù)漢語中的外來詞主要來源于日語。 第四章對商務(wù)漢語詞匯的詞法模式進(jìn)行了分析,從詞匯的形式與意義相結(jié)合的角度,對詞匯的組合規(guī)律進(jìn)行研究。偏正式和動賓式的復(fù)合詞較易形成詞法模式。在商務(wù)漢語詞匯中名詞性的語素具有較強(qiáng)的詞法性,能夠構(gòu)成較多的能產(chǎn)性詞法模式,尤其是三字詞的詞法模式。 第五章運用框架語義學(xué)的理論構(gòu)建了商務(wù)域的語義框架層級系統(tǒng),系統(tǒng)主要包括：2個分域、5個框架類、12個框架式、16個框架分式,框架式及框架分式中共有詞元近230個,是最能激活場景認(rèn)知的詞匯。從語義框架方面形成的詞匯的聚合關(guān)系比使用詞性詞類形成的聚合關(guān)系更有體系性,對于領(lǐng)域語言,詞匯呈現(xiàn)出一個較為完整的體系性,且在詞義上存在聯(lián)系性,相互之間存在意義上的提示。 第六章將前文中對詞匯構(gòu)成、詞法模式和語義框架系統(tǒng)研究結(jié)論運用到商務(wù)漢語教材的詞匯編訂中,尤其是對商務(wù)漢語教材中詞匯的選定、編排及教學(xué)方法的運用上。教材中的詞匯編排的順序上遵循詞法模式類推規(guī)律,詞匯的選擇上結(jié)合商務(wù)活動場景所涉及到的詞元和框架元素,形成了語義上的聚合。教學(xué)方法主要可以采用翻譯法、語素教學(xué)法、框架歸類法、任務(wù)教學(xué)法。 本篇論文旨在從理論上強(qiáng)調(diào)將對外漢語詞匯研究進(jìn)行領(lǐng)域性劃分,促進(jìn)應(yīng)用語言學(xué)科對領(lǐng)域語言詞匯研究的重視,從實踐應(yīng)用角度為商務(wù)漢語詞匯教學(xué)提供一定的教學(xué)依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:With the development of linguistic research field, reveal the characteristics of vocabulary system in various fields from the perspective of ontology research, explore the teaching rules of two language vocabulary teaching in the professional field of language from the perspective of Applied Linguistics, has a study on the demand and value, the author tries to study business Chinese vocabulary as an example, based on the form of professional language two vocabulary learning difficulty is the main form, and the meaning, etc., rather than the principle of defamiliarization professional background knowledge, study the main business of Chinese Vocabulary Teaching Ontology and application, using quantitative and qualitative research methods, the vocabulary of form and meaning, analyzing business Chinese vocabulary structure and productivity the lexical pattern, and from the application perspective, the construction of business Chinese vocabulary semantic hierarchy framework system, on the basis of the above research, to explore the business in Chinese vocabulary teaching In compiling and teaching rules, in order to provide some reference for the study of Chinese for specific purposes.
This paper consists of six chapters. The first chapter mainly analyzes the Chinese business background, research status and value, firstly defines the "business Chinese, business Chinese is in business for non-native Chinese communication groups, mainly Chinese as a tool, in order to achieve specific business purposes to professional learning the number of Chinese. The research object of business Chinese vocabulary of this paper on the basis of this scope, with < business Chinese syllabus > thesaurus, establish" business Chinese vocabulary database of vocabulary in research of quantitative statistics.
The second chapter analyzes the typical characteristics of business Chinese vocabulary. There are some differences between business Chinese vocabulary and common Chinese vocabulary, but there are also crossover. This chapter mainly analyzes the specific Chinese characteristics of business Chinese vocabulary, and summarizes the prominent characteristics of 7 aspects.
By analysis of morphological characteristics. The third chapter mainly forms and categories of Business Tendency of Chinese vocabulary in category tendencies, partial formal, verb object type, joint type is the main category of business Chinese words, there is a small amount of the use of special structures. In the way of compound words in the Chinese vocabulary for business a large proportion of affixoids; enhance the ability of word formation business Chinese vocabulary; double syllable compressed into single syllable enhanced written terms; there are a lot of abbreviations in business Chinese vocabulary, the phenomenon is more obvious; business in Chinese foreign words mainly from the Japanese.
The fourth chapter analyzes the lexical pattern of business Chinese vocabulary, form and meaning of words from the point of the combination of research on vocabulary. The combination rule is formal and compound verb object type is easy to form lexical patterns. Noun morpheme in business Chinese vocabulary with lexical strong, can form more productive lexical patterns, especially the three word lexical patterns.
The fifth chapter uses the theory of frame semantics to construct a semantic framework of hierarchical system of business domain, system mainly consists of 2 sub domains, 5 frame, 12 frame, 16 frame frame type and frame fraction, the fraction of nearly 230 words, is the scene can activate cognitive vocabulary. Polymerization the relationship between system more paradigmatic relations formed from the aspects of lexical semantic framework than POS lexical category formation, in the field of language vocabulary, showing a more complete system, and connected in meaning, are shown to exist provided sense of each other.
The sixth chapter of the previous of lexis, lexical and semantic model framework system research conclusions are used to compile the vocabulary of business Chinese textbooks, especially the selection of business vocabulary in Chinese textbooks, the arrangement and the teaching method. The vocabulary arrangement of teaching materials in order to follow the pattern of lexical selection rules on vocabulary. The combination of business activities related to the scene of words and frame elements, the formation of aggregation semantics. The main teaching method can be used in translation, morpheme teaching method, framework, classification, task teaching method.
This paper aims to theoretically emphasize the field division of vocabulary research in TCFL, and promote the importance of Applied Linguistics to the field of language and vocabulary research, and provide some teaching basis for business Chinese vocabulary teaching from the perspective of practical application.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中央民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：H195

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