本文關(guān)鍵詞： 委婉語 外延內(nèi)涵傳承說 意向性理論 解讀　出處：《曲阜師范大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：委婉語是人類社會(huì)普遍存在的一種語言現(xiàn)象。在人們的語言中，委婉語的使用到處可見。它不僅是一種修辭現(xiàn)象，還是一種文化現(xiàn)象。作為一種文化現(xiàn)象，委婉語滲透到人們?nèi)粘Ｉ畹姆椒矫婷�。正如美國學(xué)者Hugh Rawson(1981)所說，委婉語如此深深地嵌入我們的語言中，因此我們中間沒有誰——即使那些自詡為直截了當(dāng)?shù)娜恕軌蛟诓皇褂梦裾Z的情況下過上一天。 正因?yàn)槲裾Z如此普遍、重要，學(xué)者們紛紛從不同的角度進(jìn)行研究�？v觀國內(nèi)外已有的委婉語研究，不難看出現(xiàn)有研究多集中在委婉語的類型、使用動(dòng)機(jī)、特點(diǎn)、構(gòu)成手段和語用效果等方面，主要是從修辭、文化和社會(huì)心理、語用等角度進(jìn)行研究。直到最近，一些研究學(xué)家開始從認(rèn)知角度對(duì)委婉語進(jìn)行研究，指出委婉語本質(zhì)上是一種替代，其構(gòu)成是一種轉(zhuǎn)喻。但是這種替代發(fā)生的原因及其具體產(chǎn)生過程是怎樣發(fā)生的，學(xué)者們并沒有解釋。本論文針對(duì)這些問題，嘗試著用外延內(nèi)涵傳承說理論與意向性理論從更深的角度闡釋委婉語的內(nèi)部生成機(jī)制以及說話者和聽話者之間委婉語的整個(gè)傳承過程。 外延內(nèi)涵傳承說理論是從認(rèn)知和意象活動(dòng)角度建構(gòu)的，把語言看成一種意象活動(dòng)，而不是一種哲學(xué)范疇。此理論某種程度上解釋了一些語言現(xiàn)象的內(nèi)部生成。語言中的隱喻和轉(zhuǎn)喻現(xiàn)象都得到了一定程度的闡釋。委婉語是一種特殊的語言現(xiàn)象，其構(gòu)成本質(zhì)上是轉(zhuǎn)喻的，，因此可用此理論部分解釋委婉語的生成。意向性理論是意象哲學(xué)上的一種概念理論，認(rèn)為意向存在于所有的人類交際中，如果沒有意向，交際就會(huì)毫無意義。委婉語也不例外。我們把這兩種理論結(jié)合起來，去探討如何保證說話者和聽話者之間委婉語的順利生成和傳承。 本文共分六章。第一章是總體介紹，勾勒了本文所要研究的內(nèi)容，指出本研究的意義，并給出了文章的整體布局。第二章為文獻(xiàn)綜述，回顧了以往對(duì)委婉語的研究視角，包括修辭視角、文化和社會(huì)心理視角、語用視角、隱喻和轉(zhuǎn)喻視角以及外延內(nèi)涵傳承說理論視角。第三章、第四章和第五章是本文的重點(diǎn)所在。第三章闡述了外延內(nèi)涵傳承說理論和意向性理論，為委婉語的進(jìn)一步研究奠定了理論基礎(chǔ)。第四章選取不同種類的委婉語，結(jié)合外延內(nèi)涵傳承說理論對(duì)其進(jìn)行分析，得出委婉語替代的產(chǎn)生及其積極效果都可以用外延內(nèi)涵傳承說理論進(jìn)行部分闡釋。第五章結(jié)合意向性理論對(duì)一些委婉語進(jìn)行分析，得出在整個(gè)委婉語成功進(jìn)行傳承的過程中，意向性是前提，說話者需確保其所表達(dá)的委婉語的意向內(nèi)容也存在于聽話者的“類層級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)”中。只有這樣，委婉語才可根據(jù)其外延和內(nèi)涵進(jìn)行傳承，經(jīng)過傳承，聽話者明白說話者表達(dá)的委婉語，委婉語成功地進(jìn)行了傳承。語境在此過程中起著無形的作用。本章最后，列出了委婉語成功傳承所涉及的三個(gè)步驟，更好地展現(xiàn)其傳承過程。最后一章總結(jié)了全文所得出的結(jié)論，論述了本研究的意義，指出研究的局限性并就以后的研究方向給出自己的建議。
[Abstract]:Euphemism is a linguistic phenomenon in human society. In people's language, euphemism is used everywhere. It is not only a kind of rhetoric, but also a cultural phenomenon. As a kind of cultural phenomenon, euphemism penetrates into every aspect of people's daily life. Just as the American scholar Hugh Rawson (1981) said, euphemism is so deeply embedded in our language, so no one among us - even those self proclaimed straight people - can not use euphemisms the case had a day.
Because euphemism is so common, important, scholars have studied from different angles. Throughout the domestic existing research on euphemism, can see that type of research focusing on the use of euphemisms motivation, characteristics, formation and pragmatic effects, mainly from rhetoric, culture and social psychology. Pragmatic perspective. Until recently, some researchers began to study euphemism from the perspective of cognition, it is pointed out that euphemism is essentially a substitute, which is a kind of metonymy. But this alternative causes and the specific process is going to happen, the scholars did not explain in this paper. These problems, try to use the denotation and connotation theory and the theory of intentionality explain the internal mechanism from a deeper perspective of euphemism and the speaker and hearer of euphemism have the inheritance Cheng.
The denotation and connotation theory is constructed from the perspective of cognitive and mental activities, the language as a kind of image, rather than a philosophical category. This theory to some extent explain the internal generation of some language phenomena. The phenomenon of metaphor and metonymy have a certain degree of euphemism is a kind of interpretation. The special language phenomenon whoseformation is metonymic in nature, so we can use this theory to explain the formation of euphemism. The theory of intentionality is a concept of image theory in philosophy, believes that the intention exists in all human communication, without intention, communication will be meaningless. Euphemism is no exception. We have these two theories together to discuss how to ensure the smooth production and inheritance between the speaker and hearer of euphemism.
This paper is divided into six chapters. The first chapter is a general introduction, outlines the content of this paper, points out the significance of this research, and gives the overall layout of the article. The second chapter is the literature review, reviews the previous studies on euphemism research perspective, including rhetorical perspective, culture and social psychology perspective, pragmatic perspective. From the perspective of metaphor and metonymy and the denotation and connotation theory perspective. In the third chapter, the fourth chapter and the fifth chapter is the focus of this article. The third chapter expounds the denotation and connotation theory and the theory of intentionality, which laid a theoretical foundation for the further study of euphemism. The fourth chapter selects different types of euphemism, combining the denotation and connotation the theory on the analysis, draws the conclusion that euphemism substitution and positive results can be used for part of inheritance of denotation connotation interpretation theory. The fifth chapter discusses the theory of intentionality of Euphemism In the analysis, the success of euphemism in the process of inheritance, intentionality is the premise, the speaker must ensure that their expression of the euphemism of intentional content also exists in the hearer "type hierarchystructure". Only in this way can euphemism according to its connotation and extension of inheritance, after the inheritance, obedient understand the speaker expression of euphemism, euphemism has been successfully passed. Plays an invisible role of context in the process. At the end of this chapter, a list of three successful inheritance of the steps involved in euphemism, to better show the inheriting process. The last chapter summarizes the main conclusions of this paper discusses the the significance of the research, points out the limitations of the study and further research suggestions.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：曲阜師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：H030

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