本文關(guān)鍵詞： 語言的群體間偏差 蒙古語 語言范疇模型 眼動(dòng)實(shí)驗(yàn)　出處：《內(nèi)蒙古師范大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：語言的群體間偏差現(xiàn)象作為一種社會(huì)心理學(xué)現(xiàn)象，最早是由AnneMaass等提出來的。這一現(xiàn)象是指個(gè)體在使用語言來描述他人行為時(shí)所表現(xiàn)出的一種系統(tǒng)性偏差，主要表現(xiàn)為：個(gè)體在描述群體內(nèi)成員的正向行為和群體間成員的負(fù)向行為時(shí)會(huì)使用抽象水平較高的詞語，而在描述群體內(nèi)成員的負(fù)向行為和群體間成員的正向行為時(shí)會(huì)使用抽象水平較低的詞語。 對(duì)這一現(xiàn)象的研究的理論基礎(chǔ)是Semin和Fiedler等提出的語言范疇模型，該模型將描述個(gè)體行為的詞按其抽象水平從低到高分為：描述行為動(dòng)詞、解釋行為動(dòng)詞、狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞和形容詞，并認(rèn)為這四類詞是在具體-抽象維度上連續(xù)分布的。目前杜衛(wèi),YoshikoTanabe及Anne Maass等分別在英語、日語及漢語背景下考察了語言的群體間偏差現(xiàn)象。這些研究中都使用了相同的實(shí)驗(yàn)范式。語言的群體間偏差現(xiàn)象是一種普遍現(xiàn)象還是具有語言間的特殊性，不同的語種之間存在何種差異是這一現(xiàn)象的延伸關(guān)注的問題。蒙語在語系、語用方面與已有語種的研究存在典型差異，那么，蒙古語中是否存在這一現(xiàn)象及其特點(diǎn)如何是需要進(jìn)一步考察的。 本研究主要考察蒙語中是否存在語言的群體間偏差現(xiàn)象。選取蒙古族蒙語個(gè)體作為研究對(duì)象，分別從行為層面實(shí)驗(yàn)和眼動(dòng)層面對(duì)這一現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行研究。行為實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明，被試對(duì)于自己朋友的正向行為（M=3.1750）和討厭的人的負(fù)向行為（M=2.3250）更多的選擇抽象水平較高的描述，，而對(duì)于自己朋友的負(fù)向行為（M=1.800）和討厭的人的正向行為（M=1.5375）則更多的選擇抽象水平較低的描述。眼動(dòng)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明，被試對(duì)于自己朋友的正向行為和討厭的人的負(fù)向行為所對(duì)應(yīng)的四個(gè)描述中，對(duì)抽象水平較高的詞的注視點(diǎn)及凝視時(shí)間都較高，而對(duì)于抽象水平較低的詞的注視點(diǎn)和凝視時(shí)間都較少；對(duì)于自己朋友的負(fù)向行為和討厭的人的正向行為所對(duì)應(yīng)的四個(gè)描述中，對(duì)抽象水平較高的詞的注視點(diǎn)及凝視時(shí)間都較少，而對(duì)于抽象水平較低的詞的注視點(diǎn)和凝視時(shí)間都較高。 行為和眼動(dòng)兩個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果都表明，蒙語中存在語言間的群體偏差現(xiàn)象，其特點(diǎn)與已有語言的研究具有共同之處。語言間的群體偏差現(xiàn)象具有一定程度的普遍性。
[Abstract]:As a kind of social psychology phenomenon, the phenomenon of inter-group deviation of language is first put forward by AnneMaass et al. This phenomenon refers to the systematic deviation that individuals exhibit when they use language to describe the behavior of others. The main expression is that individuals will use more abstract words when describing the positive behavior of the members of the group and the negative behavior of the members of the group. When describing the negative behavior of the members of the group and the positive behavior of the members of the group, the words with a lower level of abstraction are used. The theoretical basis for the study of this phenomenon is the linguistic category model proposed by Semin and Fiedler, which classifies words describing individual behavior from low to high in terms of their level of abstraction: describing behavioral verbs, explaining behavioral verbs, state verbs and adjectives. It is considered that these four categories of words are continuously distributed in concrete and abstract dimensions. At present, Yoshiko Tanabe and Anne Maass are used in English, respectively. In the context of Japanese and Chinese, the phenomenon of inter-group deviation of language is examined. The same experimental paradigm is used in these studies. Is the phenomenon of inter-group deviation of language a universal phenomenon or has the particularity of inter-language? What kind of differences exist between different languages is an extension of this phenomenon. There are typical differences between Mongolian and existing languages in language family and pragmatics. The existence of this phenomenon and its characteristics in Mongolian needs further investigation. This study mainly investigates whether there is a phenomenon of inter-group deviation in Mongolian language. The Mongolian individual is chosen as the object of study, and the behavioral experiment and eye movement are carried out respectively. The results of behavioral experiment show that, Subjects were more likely to choose a more abstract description of the positive behavior of their friends (M3.1750) and the negative behavior of the hated people (M2.3250). However, the negative behavior of their friends (1.800) and the positive behavior of the annoying people (1.5375) were more likely to be described at a lower level of abstraction. The results of eye movement experiments showed that, In the four descriptions of the positive behavior of their friends and the negative behavior of the hated people, the subjects had a higher fixation point and a higher staring time for the words with a higher level of abstraction. In the four descriptions of negative behavior of their friends and the positive behavior of the hated people, the fixed points and the staring time of the words with a higher level of abstraction were less than those of the words with a lower level of abstraction, and the four descriptions of the negative behavior of their friends and the positive behavior of the loathsome people had less fixation points and staring time. The fixed point and staring time of the words with lower abstract level were higher. The results of behavioral and eye movement experiments show that there is a phenomenon of group deviation between languages in Mongolian language, which has the same characteristics as that of existing languages, and the phenomenon of group deviation among languages has a certain degree of universality.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：H0-05

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