本文關(guān)鍵詞： 本義 引申義 假借義 引申方式　出處：《信陽師范學(xué)院》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：漢語成語是漢語在發(fā)展中形成的約定俗成的固定短語。多數(shù)成語形成于先秦時(shí)代,據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì),商務(wù)印書館2004年8月出版的《成語大詞典》所收1700多條成語中,89.6%的成語源于古代。從古漢語發(fā)展到現(xiàn)代漢語,古漢語的許多特點(diǎn)已經(jīng)消失,而成語卻把古漢語的許多特點(diǎn)、因素保留下來,漢語成語在古代漢語和現(xiàn)代漢語的傳承上占有重要地位,它是漢語詞匯系統(tǒng)中重要而又極富特色的組成部分。也正因如此,它的詞匯意義容易引起后人的誤解或不解,面對(duì)成語中單音節(jié)詞的意義引申、假借用法等時(shí),更容易出現(xiàn)理解偏差；相關(guān)字典辭書或局限于體例、或受制于篇幅,對(duì)詞匯意義的解釋大多停留在平面上的共時(shí)性的描述,難以對(duì)其意義演變做歷時(shí)性地解說,也就不能很好地解決部分成語詞義的古今差異問題。 本文重點(diǎn)對(duì)部分成語中的單音詞詞義做出考釋,兼顧辨析部分成語中的詞組。溝通成語中單音詞古今義項(xiàng)的引申關(guān)系,有時(shí)是多重引申關(guān)系,需要梳理清楚引申脈絡(luò)；闡明成語中假借用字現(xiàn)象,用假借字是古漢語的習(xí)慣做法,在成語中也不例外,許多成語之所以對(duì)今人造成理解困難,就是因?yàn)槠涫褂昧思俳枳?說明其中的“本字”與“借字”及其二者的關(guān)系,對(duì)成語的疑惑則渙然冰釋；說明成語中簡(jiǎn)化字前后漢字的替代情況,由于近現(xiàn)代以來的簡(jiǎn)化字運(yùn)動(dòng),導(dǎo)致一部分漢字被廢棄,而其功能則由另一些字兼代,如“生靈涂炭”中的“涂”,意指“泥”,實(shí)際上“涂”字是沒有這個(gè)意義的,在這里是它兼代了“XW”的意義,而“XW”則在簡(jiǎn)化漢字過程中被廢棄；對(duì)相關(guān)字典辭書的失誤之處作辯難、釋疑、正誤、溯源等方面的工作。以達(dá)到準(zhǔn)確理解成語、更好地運(yùn)用成語的目的；同時(shí)或可彌補(bǔ)通行辭書的疏漏之處,供修訂時(shí)參考。
[Abstract]:Chinese idioms are fixed phrases formed in the development of Chinese. Most of the idioms were formed in the pre-Qin period, according to statistics. In August 2004, the Commercial Press published the Dictionary of idioms. 89. 6% of the more than 1, 700 idioms came from ancient Chinese to modern Chinese. Many features of ancient Chinese have disappeared, but idioms have preserved many characteristics and factors of ancient Chinese. Chinese idioms play an important role in the inheritance of ancient Chinese and modern Chinese. It is an important and characteristic part of the Chinese lexical system. Because of this, its lexical meaning is easy to be misunderstood or confused by later generations, in the face of the meaning extension of monosyllabic words in idioms, the use of false loans and so on. Misunderstandings are more likely to occur; Dictionary dictionaries are limited to style, or restricted by space, the interpretation of lexical meaning mostly stays in the plane of synchronic description, it is difficult to make a diachronic explanation of its meaning evolution. It can not solve the problem of the differences between ancient and modern idioms. This paper focuses on the monosyllabic words in some idioms to make a textual interpretation, and to analyze the phrases in some idioms. Communication in idioms monosyllabic words in the ancient and modern meanings of the extension relationship, sometimes multi-extension relationship. Need to sort out the extension of the context; Expounding the phenomenon of false loan in idioms, using false loan characters is the customary practice of ancient Chinese, and it is no exception in idioms. Many idioms make it difficult for people to understand them because of their use of false loan characters. Explaining the relationship between "this word" and "borrow word" and their relationship, the confusion of idiom is not clear. It explains the substitution of Chinese characters before and after simplified characters in idioms. As a result of the movement of simplified characters since modern times, some Chinese characters have been abandoned, while their functions have been replaced by other characters, such as "smearing" in "life and life". The meaning means "mud", in fact, the word "painted" has no such meaning, in this case, it also represents the meaning of "XW", while "XW" is abandoned in the process of simplifying Chinese characters. In order to understand idioms accurately and make better use of idioms, it is difficult to argue, explain doubt, correct and wrong, trace back to the source. At the same time may be able to make up for the gaps in the dictionaries, for revision of the reference.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：信陽師范學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：H136

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本文編號(hào)：1468096