本文關(guān)鍵詞：明代外來(lái)詞研究　出處：《遼寧師范大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 明代 外來(lái)詞 特點(diǎn) 《現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)詞典》(第六版) 影響

【摘要】：外來(lái)詞是漢語(yǔ)詞匯研究的重要元素,二十世紀(jì)以來(lái)外來(lái)詞研究取得了諸多類突破性的成就,但是外來(lái)詞史的研究在歷史上處于薄弱地位。本文選取明代外來(lái)詞為考察對(duì)象,以語(yǔ)言接觸和語(yǔ)言變異等理論為支撐,采用靜態(tài)描寫(xiě)與動(dòng)態(tài)分析相結(jié)合、定量統(tǒng)計(jì)與定性分析相結(jié)合、共時(shí)描寫(xiě)與歷時(shí)比較相結(jié)合的研究方法,對(duì)明代外來(lái)詞的基本面貌和特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行描寫(xiě)與分析,力圖為外來(lái)詞史的構(gòu)建添磚加瓦。 全文共分為六部分,各章內(nèi)容如下： 第一部分為緒論。在闡明選題背景和意義的基礎(chǔ)上,介紹了明代詞匯和外來(lái)詞的研究狀況,著重概述了明代外來(lái)詞研究的現(xiàn)狀；明確了本文研究的理論基礎(chǔ)、研究方法以及語(yǔ)料來(lái)源；確定了本文對(duì)外來(lái)詞的界定和研究范圍。 第二部分為明代社會(huì)狀況。本章宏觀地了闡述明代的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、思想、文化等社會(huì)發(fā)展?fàn)顩r,重點(diǎn)指出國(guó)際交流狀況和國(guó)內(nèi)民族之間的融合是明代外來(lái)詞產(chǎn)生的根源。 第三部分為明代外來(lái)詞的概況。本章主要采用共時(shí)描寫(xiě)的方法,從語(yǔ)言來(lái)源、輸入方式和語(yǔ)義范疇等三個(gè)方面系統(tǒng)地展現(xiàn)明代外來(lái)詞的基本面貌,諸如明代外來(lái)詞來(lái)源達(dá)20多種,輸入方式分為音譯和意譯,語(yǔ)義范疇分為七類等。 第四部分為明代外來(lái)詞的特點(diǎn)。本章是在第三章的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)明代外來(lái)詞的來(lái)源、輸入方式、語(yǔ)義范疇、語(yǔ)音、詞匯和語(yǔ)法等方面進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)研究,研究得出：明代外來(lái)詞中,語(yǔ)言來(lái)源種類較為豐富,以蒙古語(yǔ)和英語(yǔ)為主,存在一詞多源的現(xiàn)象；音譯詞占優(yōu)勢(shì),但意譯與其相差不大；專有名稱和科學(xué)類的外來(lái)詞占絕對(duì)優(yōu)勢(shì)；雙音節(jié)居多數(shù),名詞為主,偏正型較多,有少量動(dòng)賓型和聯(lián)合型,出現(xiàn)一詞多形,宗教詞語(yǔ)常用簡(jiǎn)稱等特點(diǎn)。 第五部分為明代外來(lái)詞的使用與影響。本章采用歷時(shí)比較法,將明代外來(lái)詞語(yǔ)料庫(kù)與《現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)詞典》(第六版)進(jìn)行比較,發(fā)現(xiàn)外來(lái)詞身份被保留的詞條,主要是宗教類的外來(lái)詞；而失去外來(lái)詞身份的詞條,進(jìn)入了漢語(yǔ)詞匯系統(tǒng),但經(jīng)歷了漢語(yǔ)音、形、義的規(guī)范改造。明代外來(lái)詞對(duì)后世的影響,具體表現(xiàn)如：新詞的增加,符合漢語(yǔ)雙音節(jié)的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)；促進(jìn)了不同宗教在中國(guó)的傳播、中西物質(zhì)文化生活的來(lái)往、中西自然科學(xué)的交流。 第六部分為結(jié)語(yǔ)。本章簡(jiǎn)述論文的主要內(nèi)容,并指出本文的創(chuàng)新之處在于對(duì)明代外來(lái)詞語(yǔ)料的系統(tǒng)搜集和深入研究,呈現(xiàn)出較為完整的明代外來(lái)詞的面貌,在一定程度上充實(shí)了斷代外來(lái)史研究的內(nèi)容,同時(shí)也指出本文研究的局限性。
[Abstract]:Loanword is an important element in the study of Chinese vocabulary. Since 20th century, the study of loanwords has made many kinds of breakthrough achievements. However, the history of loanwords is in a weak position in history. This paper selects loanwords in Ming Dynasty as the object of investigation, supported by the theories of language contact and language variation, and combines static description with dynamic analysis. Combining quantitative statistics with qualitative analysis, synchronic description and diachronic comparison, this paper describes and analyzes the basic features and features of loanwords in Ming Dynasty, and tries to contribute to the construction of loanwords' history. The full text is divided into six parts, the contents of each chapter are as follows: The first part is the introduction. On the basis of clarifying the background and significance of the topic, it introduces the research status of the vocabulary and loanwords in Ming Dynasty, and emphatically summarizes the present situation of the study of loanwords in the Ming Dynasty. The theoretical basis, research methods and data sources of this study are clarified. The definition and research scope of loanwords in this paper are determined. The second part is the social situation of Ming Dynasty. This chapter describes the political, economic, ideological, cultural and other social development of the Ming Dynasty macroscopically. It is pointed out that the foreign words in Ming Dynasty originated from the situation of international communication and the fusion of national groups in China. The third part is the general situation of loanwords in Ming Dynasty. This chapter mainly uses the method of synchronic description to systematically show the basic features of loanwords in Ming Dynasty from three aspects: language source, input mode and semantic category. For example, in the Ming Dynasty, there were more than 20 kinds of loanwords, the input methods were transliteration and free translation, and the semantic categories were divided into seven categories. Based on the third chapter, this chapter makes a systematic study on the origin, input mode, semantic category, pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar of loanwords in Ming Dynasty. The results show that: in the Ming Dynasty, the varieties of language sources are relatively rich, mainly in Mongolian and English, and there is a phenomenon of multiple sources of one word; Transliteration is dominant, but the free translation is not different from it. The loanwords of special name and scientific category occupy the absolute predominance; The double syllable is the majority, the noun is the main, the positive type is more, there are a few verb-object type and the joint type, the appearance of one word polymorph, religious words commonly used abbreviations and other characteristics. This chapter uses the diachronic comparative method to compare the loan corpus of the Ming Dynasty with the Modern Chinese Dictionary (6th edition) and finds that the loanword identity has been retained. Mainly religious loanwords; The loss of loanword identity into the Chinese vocabulary system, but experienced the Chinese pronunciation, form, meaning of the normative transformation. The impact of the Ming Dynasty loanwords on later generations, such as: the increase in the number of new words. In line with the development trend of Chinese dicyllabic; Promote the spread of different religions in China, the exchange of material and cultural life between China and the West, natural science exchanges between China and the West. Part 6th is the conclusion. This chapter briefly describes the main contents of the thesis, and points out that the innovation of this paper lies in the systematic collection and in-depth study of the loanwords corpus of the Ming Dynasty, showing a relatively complete appearance of the loanwords of the Ming Dynasty. To some extent, it enriches the study of foreign history, and points out the limitations of this study.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：H134

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本文編號(hào)：1391138