【摘要】： [背景] 互聯(lián)網(wǎng)是把雙刃劍。隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的普及與大規(guī)模擴張,越來越多的同性戀者/男男性接觸者(MSM)通過同性戀網(wǎng)站這一網(wǎng)絡(luò)平臺尋找性伴侶,其速度之快、過程之便、效率之高,從根本上改變了同性交友的傳統(tǒng)方式,而性病/艾滋病(STD/AIDS)也因此在MSM人群中更快、更方便、更高效地傳播著。因此,網(wǎng)上交友MSM人群的性健康教育與疾病控制形勢緊迫。基于網(wǎng)絡(luò)與傳統(tǒng)途徑在MSM性健康教育中相輔相成,國外研究顯示開展網(wǎng)絡(luò)健康干預(yù)不僅必要且完全可行,同時MSM對其接受性良好。然而,我國對MSM人群網(wǎng)絡(luò)性健康干預(yù)尚缺乏有針對性的系統(tǒng)研究,而這對于剛剛起步的網(wǎng)絡(luò)健康干預(yù)和正在走向深入的MSM防艾工作都至關(guān)重要。 [研究目的] 研究我國同性戀網(wǎng)站現(xiàn)有規(guī)模以及同性戀網(wǎng)站開展性健康干預(yù)的現(xiàn)狀,為開展基于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的MSM健康促進與疾病預(yù)防工作提供依據(jù)和對策建議。 [研究資料與方法] 1,對我國同性戀網(wǎng)站,根據(jù)自編《中國同性戀網(wǎng)站發(fā)展現(xiàn)況調(diào)查與健康干預(yù)功能研究調(diào)查表》進行網(wǎng)上觀察,填寫觀察記錄; 2,對同性戀網(wǎng)站負(fù)責(zé)人,采用個人深入訪談的定性研究,并對交通不便者進行網(wǎng)上深訪; 3,對MSM網(wǎng)民,抽取方便樣本,采用網(wǎng)上問卷調(diào)查進行定量研究。 [研究結(jié)果] 1,經(jīng)搜索引擎和超鏈接檢索確認(rèn)了112個中國大陸同性戀網(wǎng)站,估計我國同性戀網(wǎng)站數(shù)為112-160個,以男同性戀者/MSM為主要的服務(wù)人群,為同性網(wǎng)民提供交友平臺,并通過傳統(tǒng)交往場所的信息傳播,促使其聯(lián)系更加緊密。 2,目前,3/4的國內(nèi)同性戀網(wǎng)站已開展一或多種網(wǎng)絡(luò)MSM性健康干預(yù),其干預(yù)可歸納為以下六種形式:①以文本形式發(fā)布STD/AIDS相關(guān)的健康新聞與知識;②以多媒體形式發(fā)布STD/AIDS相關(guān)的健康新聞與知識:③網(wǎng)頁健康廣告或超級鏈接;④網(wǎng)上健康問卷調(diào)查;⑤網(wǎng)絡(luò)同伴健康交流;⑥醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生機構(gòu)通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)開展性病艾滋病疾病預(yù)控工作。其中,以文本形式發(fā)布健康信息和同伴交流形式最為常見。干預(yù)工作的開展受到網(wǎng)站負(fù)責(zé)人態(tài)度、人力財力的缺乏、“圈內(nèi)”關(guān)系不協(xié)調(diào)以及缺乏理論的指導(dǎo)和政策支持等因素的影響。 3,2304名MSM網(wǎng)民來自全國31個省、直轄市、自治區(qū)及海外,91.1%的人低于40歲,年齡中位數(shù)為26歲,68.5%具有大學(xué)及以上學(xué)歷,29.8%為學(xué)生,超過40%的人每周上網(wǎng)時間多于14小時。研究對象對STD/AIDS知曉率76.3%-82.0%,但對艾滋病存在恐懼和歧視,對HIV是否通過“口交”傳播、HIV是否通過蚊蟲傳播,以及STD/AIDS預(yù)防措施仍有較多的誤解。 [建議] 從干預(yù)者、干預(yù)材料和社會環(huán)境三方面提出建議: 1,開展網(wǎng)站負(fù)責(zé)人的培訓(xùn),提高他們的健康知識、健康教育理念和技能,使其能夠勝任健康“把關(guān)人”的職責(zé);加強網(wǎng)絡(luò)媒介的監(jiān)管,對信息流通渠道和傳遞過程進行質(zhì)量控制,以防錯誤的、違背科學(xué)的內(nèi)容通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)。 2,網(wǎng)絡(luò)性健康干預(yù)的內(nèi)容,應(yīng)根據(jù)網(wǎng)民STD/AIDS的知識薄弱點,具體消除HIV“口交”傳播、蚊蟲傳播以及STD/AIDS預(yù)防措施的誤解,著重加強適合網(wǎng)民特征的消除AIDS恐懼和反歧視教育。健康干預(yù)的形式上,以同伴交流為主,并借鑒國外經(jīng)驗,設(shè)計針對個體水平的自動化干預(yù)程序。 3,促使政府盡快制定針對MSM的,與STD/AIDS防治相適應(yīng)的政策,鼓勵并支持網(wǎng)絡(luò)健康干預(yù)的開展,并給予經(jīng)費的保障。
[Abstract]:[Background] The Internet is a double With the popularization and large-scale expansion of the Internet, more and more gays/ men's men (MSM) find sexual partners through the same network platform of the same-sex website, and the speed is fast, the process is high, the efficiency is high, and the tradition of the same-sex friends is fundamentally changed In this way, STD/ AIDS is also faster, more convenient, and more efficient in the MSM population As a result, the sexual health education and disease control situation of the MSM population on the Internet Urgent. The network and the traditional approach are mutually reinforcing in the sexual health education of the MSM, and the foreign research shows that the network health intervention is not only necessary and feasible, but also the acceptance of the MSM Good. However, there is a lack of targeted systematic research on the network health intervention of the MSM population, which is close to the newly-started network health intervention and in-depth MSM anti-AIDS work It's important.[Research Objective] To study the current situation of the existing scale of the homosexuals and the sexual health intervention of the homosexuals, in order to carry out the Internet-based MSM health promotion and the prevention of disease To make recommendations on the basis and the countermeasures.[Study data and method] 1. The research questionnaire on the status of the development of the homosexuals in China and the function of health intervention according to the development status of the Chinese homosexuals.> Make an online observation and fill in the observation record; 2. In-depth interview with the person in charge of the homosexual website sex research, and carry on the online deep-visit to the people of the traffic, 3, to the MSM netizens, taking a convenient sample, A quantitative study was carried out using an online questionnaire.[Results] 1. 112 Chinese mainland homosexuals were identified through search engine and hyperlink search, and the number of homosexuals in China was estimated to be 112-160. The narcissistic/ MSM is the main service group, and provides the same-sex Internet users with a friend-making level. at present, 3/ 4 of the domestic homosexuals have carried out one or more network MSM sexual health interventions, and the intervention can be summarized in the following six forms: the publication of STD/ AIDS-related health news and knowledge in the form of text Knowledge; the publication of STD/ AIDS-related health news and knowledge in the form of multimedia: a web-based health advertisement or hyperlink; an online health survey; a peer-to-peer network peer. Health and communication; HIV/ AIDS pre-treatment by health and health institutions through the network Control work. Among them, health information and peer-to-peer communication are most common in the form of text. The implementation of the intervention is subject to the attitude of the person in charge of the website and the lack of human and financial resources. 3, 2304 MSM are from 31 provinces, municipalities directly under the Central Government, autonomous regions and overseas, 91. 1% are lower than 40, the median age is 26, and 68.5% has a university and so More than 40% of the students who have a higher educational background and 29. 8% have access to the Internet for more than 14 hours a week. The study object is 76.3%-82.0% of the STD/ AIDS awareness rate, but there is fear and discrimination against the AIDS, and whether the HIV is transmitted through the 鈥渙ral delivery鈥，

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