【摘要】：城市設(shè)計(jì)與烏托邦從誕生之始就有著本質(zhì)上的同源性,而兩者的交融協(xié)作開(kāi)創(chuàng)了理想與現(xiàn)實(shí)從隔絕到結(jié)合的嶄新局面。本文試圖深入挖掘這一關(guān)聯(lián),通過(guò)從生產(chǎn)社會(huì)到消費(fèi)社會(huì)烏托邦與城市設(shè)計(jì)發(fā)展趨向轉(zhuǎn)變的論述,揭示當(dāng)代城市空間發(fā)展的困境,同時(shí)探尋可能的城市設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)對(duì)思路與方法。 本文首先對(duì)城市設(shè)計(jì)與烏托邦之間相互影響的基本關(guān)系進(jìn)行論述,闡明烏托邦思想對(duì)城市設(shè)計(jì)發(fā)展的影響,并對(duì)空間生產(chǎn)及消費(fèi)社會(huì)等相關(guān)背景概念做基本的綜述。 接著對(duì)歷史情景中的城市烏托邦發(fā)展脈絡(luò)進(jìn)行分析。論述生產(chǎn)社會(huì)中空想主義、自然主義、現(xiàn)代主義三種類(lèi)型的城市烏托邦理念。經(jīng)由空間生產(chǎn)的角度,探索資本主義與城市空間發(fā)展之間的矛盾,以及對(duì)應(yīng)的烏托邦路徑。重點(diǎn)論述70年代以來(lái)的文化轉(zhuǎn)型和以消費(fèi)主義為表征的后現(xiàn)代城市社會(huì),在由空間生產(chǎn)轉(zhuǎn)向空間消費(fèi)的過(guò)程中,在時(shí)空壓縮的影響之下,商品化的當(dāng)代城市空間呈現(xiàn)出的片斷化、碎片化、符號(hào)化、虛擬化的傾向,以信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)為支撐,通由廣告、圖像、電影等各種媒介充分展現(xiàn)出來(lái)。 然后從空間商品化產(chǎn)生的城市矛盾中以及現(xiàn)代資本主義城市社會(huì)自我修正的路徑中,找尋發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家在處理城市問(wèn)題的城市設(shè)計(jì)策略,重點(diǎn)關(guān)注社會(huì)極化與生態(tài)危機(jī)兩個(gè)方面問(wèn)題。 總結(jié)當(dāng)代城市設(shè)計(jì)的烏托邦思想三個(gè)基本趨向:一是城市主義烏托邦思想,它以大城市為研究的根本立足點(diǎn),強(qiáng)調(diào)并肯定城市的存在的合理性,力圖塑造的是以城市為核心的現(xiàn)代生活。與之相反的是反城市主義烏托邦,以批判城市與否定城市為代表,回歸鄉(xiāng)野自然是他們的終極目標(biāo)。第三類(lèi)是控制性城市主義烏托邦。它即不同意城市主義烏托邦也不贊成反城市主義烏托邦,而是在批判兩者的基礎(chǔ)上提出了第三種可能性。這種城市主義烏托邦思想與社會(huì)現(xiàn)實(shí)最好的結(jié)合點(diǎn)在于,它能對(duì)當(dāng)前主流的城市主義理念方向(這里尤指第一類(lèi))作出批判性審視,并根據(jù)變化隨時(shí)做出修正與補(bǔ)充,避免其完全流入資本主義政治經(jīng)濟(jì)體制之中成為另一件商品,是富有烏托邦想象的建筑師們?cè)诓粩鄬ふ遗c現(xiàn)實(shí)的契合點(diǎn)過(guò)程中的一種實(shí)踐性較強(qiáng)的城市主義類(lèi)型。 最后在對(duì)中國(guó)城市空間進(jìn)行思考與分析的基礎(chǔ)上,從日常生活實(shí)踐出發(fā),選擇運(yùn)用辯證的思路來(lái)處理各方關(guān)系,這種基于宏觀層面的平衡即是對(duì)社會(huì)不平等的回應(yīng),又同時(shí)指向環(huán)境可持續(xù)性發(fā)展。一方面強(qiáng)調(diào)了從更高的視角,更廣闊的視野把社會(huì)各領(lǐng)域與建筑聯(lián)系起來(lái),既有真實(shí)的創(chuàng)見(jiàn)又有更重要的前瞻性,這便是城市設(shè)計(jì)與烏托邦的交匯點(diǎn),也是將其兩者相結(jié)合的意義所在。另一方面強(qiáng)調(diào)以更為廣泛的視角來(lái)看待城市設(shè)計(jì),以及城市設(shè)計(jì)對(duì)于城市社會(huì)活動(dòng)的多重參與性,正是需要這種參與性才能使城市設(shè)計(jì)更好的致力于建成環(huán)境的營(yíng)造之中,不僅是作為一種技術(shù)過(guò)程,也不僅是作為一種社會(huì)過(guò)程,而是作為一種富有創(chuàng)造性的過(guò)程,在建造生產(chǎn)城市空間的同時(shí),也關(guān)注了解過(guò)程中的各方因素及結(jié)果。唯有此才能處理作為社會(huì)空間集合體的城市空間的諸多復(fù)雜情況,將技術(shù)、社會(huì)與個(gè)人的表達(dá)詮釋相結(jié)合,參與到所有宏觀及微觀方面的建成環(huán)境塑造之中。而烏托邦與城市設(shè)計(jì)的交聯(lián),將成為促成這一整體性認(rèn)知的可能契機(jī)。
[Abstract]:Urban design and Utopia are essentially homologous from the very beginning of their birth, and the blending and cooperation of the two create a new situation in which ideal and reality are separated from each other and combined. This paper attempts to dig into this connection and reveal the contemporary urban emptiness by discussing the transformation of Utopia and urban design from production society to consumption society. Meanwhile, it explores the possible ways and means of urban design.
Firstly, this paper discusses the basic relationship between urban design and Utopia, clarifies the influence of Utopia on urban design development, and summarizes the related background concepts such as spatial production and consumer society.
Then it analyzes the development of urban Utopia in the historical context, discusses three types of urban utopian concepts: utopianism, naturalism and Modernism in the productive society, explores the contradiction between capitalism and urban spatial development and the corresponding Utopian path from the perspective of spatial production. Since the cultural transformation and the post-modern urban society characterized by consumerism, in the process of changing from space production to space consumption, under the influence of space-time compression, the commercialized contemporary urban space has shown a tendency of fragmentation, fragmentation, symbolization and virtualization, supported by information network, and through advertisements, images, films, etc. Various media are fully displayed.
Then, from the urban contradictions caused by space commercialization and the path of self-correction of modern capitalist urban society, the urban design strategies of developed countries in dealing with urban problems are found, focusing on social polarization and ecological crisis.
This paper summarizes three basic tendencies of Utopia in contemporary urban design: one is urbanism Utopia, which emphasizes and affirms the rationality of the existence of cities from the basic standpoint of metropolitan study, and tries to shape the modern life with the city as its core. On the contrary, it is Anti-Urbanism Utopia, which criticizes the city or not. The third kind is the controlling urbanism Utopia. It does not agree with the urbanism Utopia and does not agree with the Anti-Urbanism Utopia, but puts forward a third possibility on the basis of criticizing the two. This kind of urbanism Utopia thought is the best end of social reality. The point of convergence is that it can critically examine the direction of the current mainstream urbanism, especially the first category, and make amendments and supplements at any time according to changes, so as to prevent it from flowing completely into the capitalist political and economic system and becoming another commodity. It is the utopian imagination of architects who are constantly searching for a contract with reality. A practical type of urbanism in the process of integration.
Finally, on the basis of thinking and analyzing the urban space of China, starting from the daily life practice, the author chooses to use dialectical thinking to deal with the relationship between various parties. This balance based on macro-level is not only a response to social inequality, but also a direction to the sustainable development of the environment. Visual field connects all fields of society with architecture, which has both genuine originality and more important foresight. This is the intersection point of urban design and Utopia, and also the significance of combining them. On the other hand, it emphasizes that urban design should be viewed from a broader perspective and that urban design has multiple effects on urban social activities. Participation is needed to make urban design better committed to the construction of the built environment, not only as a technical process, but also as a social process, but also as a creative process, in the construction of production urban space, while also concerned about the understanding of the various factors in the process. As a result, only in this way can we deal with the complex situation of urban space as a social space aggregate, combine technology, social and personal expression and interpretation, and participate in all macro and micro aspects of the building environment shaping.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TU981

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