本文選題：沙漠旅游 + 主體系統(tǒng)��； 參考：《蘭州大學》2011年博士論文

【摘要】：隨著旅游業(yè)的發(fā)展,特別是生態(tài)旅游的興起,沙漠旅游發(fā)展迅速,逐漸成為一種大眾認可的新興旅游產(chǎn)品。相應的,沙漠旅游研究也逐漸增多。國內(nèi)的研究多集中在沙漠旅游發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀,沙漠旅游資源的特點分析,資源的分布與分類、發(fā)展對策及產(chǎn)品開發(fā)等；國外研究多和生態(tài)旅游、可持續(xù)旅游、生態(tài)保護、社區(qū)利益增長結(jié)合在一起進行研究。相比之下,國內(nèi)沙漠旅游和可持續(xù)發(fā)展問題研究較為粗淺,對沙漠旅游負面影響考慮的很少。國內(nèi)外沙漠景區(qū)開發(fā)的力度都在加大,出現(xiàn)了一些有特色和代表性的景區(qū)。 對旅游系統(tǒng)空間結(jié)構(gòu)特征的把握及其在旅游開發(fā)、規(guī)劃、經(jīng)營、管理中的應用,是旅游科學的核心任務。為了把握沙漠旅游系統(tǒng)特征及其在旅游開發(fā)和管理中的應用,選取典型案例地對其中最為主要的主客體系統(tǒng)進行研究。巴丹吉林沙漠景區(qū)是阿拉善沙漠世界地質(zhì)公園的主園區(qū),沙坡頭景區(qū)是國家首批AAAAA級景區(qū),被專家譽為擁有“世界壟斷性資源”,二者無論級別地位、景區(qū)規(guī)模,還是資源特色、開發(fā)模式等在我國沙漠景區(qū)中都具有鮮明的代表性。以其為典型案例進行沙漠旅游系統(tǒng)的研究并將二者競爭優(yōu)勢進行對比分析,據(jù)之提出我國沙漠旅游開發(fā)策略乃至旅游業(yè)發(fā)展模式,是十分必要的。 客體系統(tǒng)方面,通過對景區(qū)概況、開發(fā)影響因子和SWOT模型分析后認為,巴丹吉林沙漠景區(qū)和沙坡頭景區(qū)相同點均位于我國西北內(nèi)陸,旅游資源豐富,品牌效應都已凸顯,便于和周邊旅游資源聯(lián)合開發(fā),且面臨同質(zhì)旅游地的空間競爭。不同之處是巴丹吉林景區(qū)的資源主體是高大沙山和湖泊及二者的奇異組合,而沙坡頭景區(qū)的資源主體較為多樣化。前者面臨的主要問題是景點過于分散且可進入性差,而沙坡頭景區(qū)是被一分為二。沙坡頭景區(qū)相對于巴丹吉林景區(qū)經(jīng)濟區(qū)位和交通區(qū)位都較好。從開發(fā)類型上來看,巴丹吉林沙漠適合發(fā)展為以探險觀光型旅游產(chǎn)品為主體,大眾娛樂及休閑度假為輔助的景區(qū)。沙坡頭適合發(fā)展為以觀光娛樂和休閑度假為主體,探險及科考旅游為輔助的景區(qū)。 在客體系統(tǒng)中,旅游環(huán)境容量限定了旅游景區(qū)的最適發(fā)展規(guī)模,對案例地巴丹吉林沙漠景區(qū)和沙坡頭景區(qū)的旅游經(jīng)濟容量、資源空間容量、生態(tài)容量和心理容量逐一進行分析后認為,前者目前的限制性容量是經(jīng)濟容量,即依據(jù)旅游容量的理論和實際分析,前者旅游容量中限制性容量在不同發(fā)展階段應該不同,在初級階段應該是經(jīng)濟容量,在未來可能是生態(tài)容量或者資源空間容量；而后者更接近一個游覽觀光和樂園式的景區(qū),如果游客不斷增多的話,資源空間容量和生態(tài)容量應是首要的限制性因素。 主體系統(tǒng)研究方面,調(diào)查組在2010、2011年國慶黃金周分兩次在內(nèi)蒙古巴丹吉林沙漠景區(qū)進行游客市場構(gòu)成及游客行為調(diào)查。采取便利抽樣法,總共發(fā)放問卷830份,回收有效問卷775份,調(diào)查結(jié)果通過EXCEL辦公軟件處理。結(jié)果顯示,巴丹吉林沙漠景區(qū)男性游客比重(58.6%)明顯高于女性(41.4%),游客相對于全國市場更趨于年輕化(45歲以下的游客占81.9%),并以高學歷游客為主(大學�？埔陨系挠慰驼�83.9%),市場吸引半徑很大,一級客源是內(nèi)蒙古、甘肅、陜西、北京、上海、廣東、浙江、江蘇、福建、遼寧等,二級客源市場是重慶、寧夏、四川、湖北、河北、山西、河南等,海外市場主要是歐洲和東亞(韓國、日本)�？驮词袌鲈隗w現(xiàn)出游距離衰減規(guī)律的基礎上,還疊加了開放度衰減和經(jīng)濟水平衰減的特征。以巴丹吉林沙漠景區(qū)為例,構(gòu)建出游客的旅游決策模型,用七個階段來描述：旅游動機產(chǎn)生、搜集信息、確定目的地和線路、進行預算、確定出游方式、最終采取決定和出游,具體決策細節(jié)與大眾化成熟景區(qū)游客存在不同。游客巴丹吉林沙漠之行的主要動機是欣賞美景、放松心情、攝影、探險及尋求刺激、戶外鍛煉和體驗不同的生活經(jīng)歷等,表現(xiàn)比較多樣化,要求產(chǎn)品設計類型也應多樣化,在鞏固高端旅游市場的基礎上擴大游客市場。 旅游者感知價值對旅游地選擇意向有重要影響,后者和旅游地的市場競爭力又密切相關(guān)�；谙嚓P(guān)理論和前人經(jīng)驗,在試測和訪談的基礎上自編感知價值問卷,經(jīng)探索性因子分析和總體修正系數(shù)分析得到31個項目,滿意度調(diào)查和行為意向調(diào)查各3個項目,總共37個項目,經(jīng)驗證性因子分析、信度和效度檢驗證明問卷設計比較合理。調(diào)查組于2010年國慶節(jié)期間在巴丹吉林沙漠發(fā)放并回收有效問卷464份(和當年的游客市場與行為調(diào)查同時進行),2011年清明節(jié)期間在沙坡頭大漠景區(qū)發(fā)放并回收有效問卷223份。有效數(shù)據(jù)使用SPSS統(tǒng)計軟件處理后得出沙漠旅游景區(qū)游客感知價值九大因子中,除感知成本外,感知利益各因子按重要性排序分別為資源價值、服務價值、設施價值、品牌價值、環(huán)境價值、特色價值、成就價值和教育價值。除性別變量外,年齡、文化程度、職業(yè)和月平均收入等特征在九大因子中的若干因子上都存在顯著差異,這說明景區(qū)的設計、建設和廣告營銷應當實行差異化的策略。游客感知價值9個維度與行為意向之間的回歸系數(shù)都達到極顯著水平,說明感知價值對行為意向具有較好的預測能力；滿意度對行為意向的影響也是顯著正相關(guān),因此要提升景區(qū)競爭優(yōu)勢,提高游客滿意度同樣重要。在此基礎上對巴丹吉林沙漠景區(qū)和沙坡頭景區(qū)的競爭關(guān)系進行了實證評估,結(jié)果表明：沙坡頭景區(qū)感知利益各個維度、巴丹吉林沙漠景區(qū)感知利益中除服務價值和設施價值外的各個維度得分都在3分以上,說明游客對此評價較高,兩景區(qū)的感知成本也超過3分(巴丹吉林沙漠和沙坡頭分別是3.256分和3.110分),說明游客感覺此行的成本偏高；沙坡頭景區(qū)的服務價值和設施價值顯著高于巴丹吉林景區(qū),而巴丹吉林景區(qū)的品牌價值明顯高于沙坡頭景區(qū),從感知價值角度講,兩景區(qū)在“物超所值”的水平上進行競爭,但競爭或潛在競爭形態(tài)比較復雜,沙坡頭景區(qū)競爭水平略高于巴丹吉林沙漠景區(qū)(感知價值得分為1.101分比1.042分)。巴丹吉林景區(qū)應當優(yōu)先在提高顧客的設施價值和服務價值上做努力,兩景區(qū)都要同時在“高利益”和“低成本”上下功夫。 對本次研究進行總結(jié)后提出了沙漠景區(qū)開發(fā)原則,即重視環(huán)境暗示,設計與管理相互配合,注重體現(xiàn)資源設計與開發(fā)中的美學要素。在未來旅游開發(fā)中建議擴大宣傳,完善設施,設計多樣化的旅游項目,節(jié)事活動要提前宣傳,規(guī)范行業(yè)管理,加大招商引資力度,合理分配旅游環(huán)境容量,旅游資源整合開發(fā),開發(fā)深層生態(tài)旅游和加強安全體系建設。
[Abstract]:With the development of tourism, especially the rise of ecotourism, the desert tourism has developed rapidly and gradually become a popular new tourism product. Accordingly, the research on desert tourism is increasing. The domestic research focuses on the status of the development of desert tourism, the characteristics of desert tourism resources, the distribution and classification of resources, and the development of the tourism Strategy and product development and so on; foreign studies are combined with ecotourism, sustainable tourism, ecological protection and community interest growth. In contrast, the research on the problems of the domestic desert tourism and sustainable development is relatively shallow, and the negative impact on the desert tourism is very little. There are some distinctive and representative scenic spots.
To grasp the characteristics of the spatial structure of the tourism system and its application in tourism development, planning, management and management is the core task of the tourism science. In order to grasp the characteristics of the desert tourism system and its application in the tourism development and management, a typical case is selected to study the most main subject and guest system in the Jilin desert. The scenic area is the main park of the Alashan desert world geological park, and the Shapotou scenic area is the first AAAAA level scenic area of the country, which has been praised by the experts as "the world monopoly resources". The two people have distinct representativeness in the desert scenic spots in our country, regardless of the rank status, the scenic area, the resource characteristics and the development model. It is very necessary to study the desert tourism system and compare the competitive advantages of the two. It is very necessary to put forward the strategy of the development of the desert tourism and the development model of the tourism industry in China.
In the aspect of object system, after the analysis of the scenic spot, the development influence factor and the SWOT model, it is believed that the Jilin desert scenic spot and the Shapotou scenic spot are all located in the inland of Northwest China. The tourist resources are rich and the brand effect has been highlighted. It is easy to combine with the surrounding tourism resources and face the spatial competition of the homogeneity tourist sites. The main part of the Jilin scenic area is the bizarre combination of tall sand mountains and lakes and two people, and the resources of Shapotou scenic area are more diverse. The main problem facing the former is that the scenic spots are too scattered and poor in access, while the Shapotou scenic area is divided into two. The Shapotou scenic area is relative to the economic location of the ban Jilin scenic spot. From the type of development, the Jilin desert is suitable for the development of the tourist attractions as the main body, popular entertainment and leisure holidays as the auxiliary scenic spots. Shapotou is suitable for the development of tourism and recreation and leisure holidays as the main part, exploration and science tourism as auxiliary scenic spots.
In the object system, the tourist environment capacity limits the most suitable development scale of tourist attractions. After analyzing the tourist economic capacity, resource space capacity, ecological capacity and psychological capacity of the case of the Jilin desert and Shapotou scenic spots, the current restrictive capacity is economic capacity, that is, according to the tourist capacity. In the theoretical and practical analysis, the restrictive capacity of the former tourism capacity should be different in different stages of development. In the primary stage, it should be economic capacity, and in the future it may be ecological capacity or resource space capacity, and the latter is closer to a sightseeing and Paradise scenic area, if tourists continue to increase, resources space capacity and Ecological capacity should be the primary limiting factor.
In the study of the main body system, the survey group conducted the survey on the tourist market and tourist behavior in the Jilin desert area of Inner Mongolia in the 20102011 year National Day golden week. By the convenient sampling method, 830 questionnaires were issued and 775 valid questionnaires were collected. The results of the survey were processed through the EXCEL office software. The results showed that the Jilin sand of the city of Ba Dan. The proportion of male tourists in the desert scenic area (58.6%) is obviously higher than that of women (41.4%), and the tourists are more younger than the national market (81.9% of the tourists under 45 years of age), and the high degree tourists (83.9%) are mainly tourists (83.9% of the college students and above), and the market attracts a large radius. The first class visitors are Inner Mongolia, Gansu, Shaanxi, Beijing, Shanghai, Guangdong, Zhejiang, Jiangsu Fujian, Liaoning and so on, the two level passenger market is Chongqing, Ningxia, Sichuan, Hubei, Hebei, Shanxi, Henan and so on. The overseas market is mainly Europe and East Asia (Korea, Japan). On the basis of the attenuation law of the travel distance, the passenger market also superimposes the characteristics of the decline in openness and the attenuation of the economic level. The tourist decision model is described in seven stages: tourism motivation, information collection, destination and line, budget, travel mode, final decision and trip. The details of decision making are different from the tourists in the popular scenic area. The main motive of the tour of the Jilin desert is to appreciate beauty, Relaxation, photography, exploration and search for stimulation, outdoor exercise and experience of different life experiences are diversified, and the type of product design should be diversified, and the tourist market will be expanded on the basis of the consolidation of the high-end tourism market.
The perceived value of tourists has an important impact on the choice of tourist destination, and the latter is closely related to the market competitiveness of the tourist sites. Based on the related theories and previous experiences, the self-designed perceived value questionnaire is compiled on the basis of test and interview. 31 items are obtained by exploratory factor analysis and overall correction coefficient analysis. The satisfaction survey and behavioral intention are obtained. To investigate 3 projects, a total of 37 projects, confirmatory factor analysis, reliability and validity test proved that the design of the questionnaire was more reasonable. The survey group issued and recovered 464 valid questionnaires in the Jilin desert in 2010 during the National Day Festival (and the tourist market and behavior survey of the year), and in 2011 during the Qingming Festival in Shapotou. 223 effective questionnaires were issued and recovered in the desert scenic area. Among the effective data, the SPSS statistical software was used to obtain the nine factors of tourist perceived value of the desert tourist attractions. In addition to the perceived cost, the factors of perceived benefits were classified as resource value, service value, value of facilities, brand value, environmental value, characteristic value, and achievement price. Value and educational value. Except for gender variables, there are significant differences in the factors of age, education, occupation and monthly average income in the nine factors. This shows that the design, construction and advertising marketing of scenic spots should be differentiated. The regression coefficients between the 9 dimensions of tourist perceived value and behavior intention are all reached. The significant level shows that perceived value has a good prediction ability to behavioral intention, and the satisfaction has a significant positive correlation to behavior intention. Therefore, it is also important to improve the competitive advantage of scenic spots and improve the satisfaction of tourists. On the basis of this, the competitive relationship between the Jilin desert Scenic Area and Shapotou scenic area is empirically evaluated. The results show that the scores of each dimension in the perceived interests of Shapotou scenic area are above 3 points except service value and facility value, which indicates that tourists have higher evaluation and more than 3 points in two scenic spots (3.256 points and 3.110 points respectively in the Jilin desert and Shapotou). The tourists feel that the cost of the trip is high; the service value and the value of the facilities in the Shapotou scenic area are significantly higher than that of the Jilin scenic spot, and the brand value of the ban Jilin scenic spot is obviously higher than that of the Shapotou scenic area. From the perspective of perceived value, the two scenic area is competing in the "value exceeding" level, but the competition or potential competition form is more complex. The competition level of Shapotou scenic spot is slightly higher than that of the Jilin desert scenic spot (the score of perceived value is 1.101 points to 1.042 points). The Jilin scenic spot should make efforts to improve the value of the customer's facilities and service value, and the two scenic spots should work at the same time in the "high interest" and "low cost".
After summarizing this study, we put forward the principle of the development of the desert scenic area, that is, attaching importance to environmental suggestion, combining design and management, emphasizing the aesthetic elements in the design and development of resources. In the future tourism development, it is suggested to expand propaganda, improve facilities and design diversified tourism projects. The activities should be promoted in advance and regulate industry management. We should increase investment attraction, rationally allocate tourism environmental capacity, integrate tourism resources, develop deep eco-tourism and strengthen safety system construction.
【學位授予單位】：蘭州大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：F592.7

【引證文獻】

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本文編號：2053135