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  本文選題：人體器官 + 器官移植犯罪�。� 參考：《湖南師范大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：2007年3月,國務(wù)院總理溫家寶簽發(fā)了第491號國務(wù)院令,我給出臺了《人體器官移植條例》以附屬刑法的模式在責(zé)任一章中規(guī)定了違反自愿原則摘取活體、尸體器官或未成年人器官應(yīng)追究刑事責(zé)任,但與我國現(xiàn)行刑法在銜接上仍存在脫節(jié);買賣人體器官等敏感問題在我國刑法更是沒有涉及;另外《人體器官移植條例》規(guī)定,醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)實施器官移植必須具備法定資質(zhì)并經(jīng)許可登記,而我國現(xiàn)行刑法規(guī)定的“非法行醫(yī)罪”主體不包括單位,那么,醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)不具備法定資質(zhì)實施器官移植診療活動情節(jié)嚴(yán)重的則不能被現(xiàn)行刑法合理規(guī)制。因此,筆者建議,在第六章“妨害社會管理秩序罪”第一節(jié)“擾亂公共秩序罪”中增設(shè)“非法摘取尸體器官罪”;該章第五節(jié)“危害公共衛(wèi)生罪”中增設(shè)“非法摘取人體器官罪”,“走私、買賣人體器官罪”和“買賣人體器官廣告罪”;目前我國刑法規(guī)定“非法行醫(yī)罪”中的主體僅限于個人,建議增加單位犯罪主體。本文主要研究內(nèi)容如下:第一章是論文的概述部分,對器官移植犯罪的概念和我國現(xiàn)行刑法對器官移植犯罪的規(guī)制作出基礎(chǔ)介紹;依據(jù)器官移植犯罪的現(xiàn)狀將該類犯罪分為違反自愿原則類犯罪、商業(yè)性質(zhì)類犯罪和無資質(zhì)器官移植犯罪三種,并對我國現(xiàn)行刑法在規(guī)制器官移植方面的缺陷與不足作出分析。第二章主要針對器官移植刑法規(guī)制的正當(dāng)性進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的分析,即從理論和現(xiàn)實兩個層面來論述器官移植刑法規(guī)制的依據(jù)。從理論層面來看,器官移植相關(guān)危害行為具有嚴(yán)重的社會危害性,器官移植的刑法規(guī)制也符合刑法的謙抑性原則。從實踐價值來看,器官移植犯罪的普遍存在亟待刑法加以規(guī)制,刑法規(guī)制是建立器官移植犯罪懲戒機(jī)制的重要內(nèi)容,同時器官移植刑法規(guī)制符合國際刑事立法發(fā)展趨勢。第三章主要是關(guān)于我國器官移植刑法規(guī)制的缺陷與完善,對器官移植犯罪立法模式進(jìn)行了分析選擇,筆者認(rèn)為,除充分利用已有刑法的規(guī)定外,還應(yīng)對刑法作出修改,本章對器官移植犯罪的具體行為方式、定罪量刑以及刑法的完善作出分析,認(rèn)為對器官移植犯罪的合理規(guī)制有兩個途徑:適當(dāng)修改現(xiàn)有刑法中有關(guān)罪的犯罪構(gòu)成與增設(shè)新罪名。并對增設(shè)新罪名的法條設(shè)計以及罪名在分則中的歸屬提出了筆者的建議。
[Abstract]:In March 2007, the Premier of the State Council, Wen Jiabao, issued State Council order No. 491, and I issued the regulations on Human Organ Transplant in the form of subsidiary Criminal Law, which provides for the removal of living bodies in violation of the voluntary principle in the liability chapter. Body organs or minor organs should be investigated for criminal responsibility, but there is still a disconnection with China's current criminal law; sensitive issues such as the sale and sale of human organs are not dealt with in China's criminal law; in addition, the "regulations on Human Organ Transplant" stipulate that Organs transplantation in medical institutions must have legal qualifications and be registered with permission. However, the main body of the crime of "illegal practice of medicine" stipulated in the current criminal law of our country does not include units, so, If the medical institution does not have the legal qualification to carry out organ transplantation diagnosis and treatment, it cannot be reasonably regulated by the current criminal law. Therefore, the author suggests that the crime of illegal removal of cadaver organs should be added to the first section of "Crime of disturbing public order" in the sixth chapter "Crime of disturbing social management order". In the fifth section of this chapter, "crimes against public health", "illegal removal of human organs", "smuggling, trafficking in human organs" and "advertising of human organs" are added. At present, the criminal law of our country stipulates that the subject of "illegal practice of medicine" is limited to individuals, and it is suggested to increase the subject of unit crime. The main contents of this paper are as follows: the first chapter is the overview of the thesis, the concept of organ transplantation crime and the current criminal law of our country to regulate organ transplantation crime to make a basic introduction; According to the present situation of organ transplant crime, this kind of crime can be divided into three types: one is against voluntary principle, the other is commercial crime and unqualified organ transplant crime. The defects and deficiencies in regulating organ transplantation in the current criminal law of our country are analyzed. The second chapter analyzes the legitimacy of the regulation of organ transplantation in detail, that is, from the theoretical and practical levels to discuss the basis of the criminal regulation of organ transplantation. From the theoretical point of view, organ transplantation related harm behavior has serious social harm, organ transplantation criminal law regulation also conforms to the principle of modesty of criminal law. From the point of view of practical value, the universal existence of organ transplant crime needs to be regulated by criminal law. Criminal law regulation is an important content in establishing punishment mechanism of organ transplant crime. At the same time, the regulation of organ transplantation criminal law accords with the development trend of international criminal legislation. The third chapter is mainly about the defects and perfection of the regulation of organ transplantation in our country, and analyzes and selects the legislative mode of organ transplant crime. The author thinks that in addition to making full use of the provisions of the existing criminal law, the criminal law should also be amended. This chapter analyzes the specific behavior of organ transplant crime, conviction and sentencing, as well as the perfection of criminal law, and concludes that there are two ways to regulate organ transplant crime: to modify the constitution of the crime and to add new charges in the existing criminal law. The author also puts forward the author's suggestion on the design of the new charge and the attribution of the charge in the subrule.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：D924.3

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