論民法中的信賴?yán)尜r償
發(fā)布時間：2018-03-25 23:27
本文選題：信賴?yán)?/strong> 切入點(diǎn)：信賴?yán)尜r償 出處：《華東政法大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文
【摘要】：社會不斷發(fā)展使人與人間的交往及商品交換越來越頻繁,早在我國古代已倡導(dǎo)“言必行,行必果”、“君子一言,駟馬難追”。當(dāng)今市場經(jīng)濟(jì)條件下,每個人通過自己的行為不同程度的參與到交易中來,這就要求每一個市場參與者在不損害他人利益和社會公共利益的前提下,獲得利益,其應(yīng)該符合一個誠實商人的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。我國政府也提出應(yīng)倡導(dǎo)建立誠信社會。 傳統(tǒng)合同法從法律精神到條文設(shè)計對合同締結(jié)后雙方的權(quán)利義務(wù)做了規(guī)定,保障了誠信原則在交易有效開始后的貫徹,但其保護(hù)范圍未延伸至交易正式開始前的商談階段及對合同不成立、無效或被撤銷等情形處理。信賴?yán)姹Ｗo(hù)制度彌補(bǔ)了這一缺陷。 本文共分五個組成部分,第一章為對信賴?yán)娴膬?nèi)涵的闡釋。對信賴?yán)娴亩x,學(xué)界素有爭論主要存在損失說、利益說,筆者在結(jié)合這兩種學(xué)說優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)后提出了信賴?yán)娴母拍�。信賴�(yán)媸且蛐刨嚶淇?可能或已經(jīng)受到損失的利益及付出的相應(yīng)代價。另外信賴?yán)婢哂泄逃行耘c既存性、合理性與可預(yù)見性、依附性、善意性并因信賴而失去等特征。另外信賴?yán)媾c履行利益、維持利益、返還利益、期待利益的概念存在著不同。 第二章闡述了信賴?yán)尜r償制度的歷史淵源、理論基礎(chǔ)、構(gòu)成要件等。大陸法系的信賴?yán)姹Ｗo(hù)起源于羅馬法中的買賣訴權(quán),后在耶林提出締約過失責(zé)任后不斷發(fā)展成熟;英美法系的信賴?yán)姹Ｗo(hù)起源于約因主義,后富勒對信賴?yán)孀隽巳嫦到y(tǒng)的闡釋。信賴?yán)姹Ｗo(hù)的發(fā)展理論上主要緣起于誠信原則、確定交易心理預(yù)期及保護(hù)交易安全。對信賴?yán)尜r償?shù)臉?gòu)成,學(xué)界存在較多觀點(diǎn),筆者認(rèn)為違反先合同義務(wù)、違反方存在過錯、合理信賴、存在因果關(guān)系為其構(gòu)成要件。 第三章列舉了信賴?yán)尜r償制度的主要適用范圍,各國規(guī)定千差萬別,但普遍保護(hù)的有:惡意磋商、懸賞廣告、違反預(yù)備性合同、違反隨附義務(wù)、要約撤銷、合同撤銷、無效等情形下的信賴?yán)姹Ｗo(hù)。 第四章闡述了信賴?yán)尜r償?shù)姆秶饕ㄋ軗p害和所失利益,筆者認(rèn)為因為機(jī)會利益難以確定就將其排除在外,不利于保護(hù)交易安全,學(xué)界應(yīng)對其如何確定損失進(jìn)行探討。另外關(guān)于非財產(chǎn)性損害,也作為信賴?yán)姹Ｗo(hù)的對象,則易造成法官自由裁量權(quán)的濫用。同時對信賴?yán)尜r償?shù)姆秶鷳?yīng)利用合理預(yù)見規(guī)則、過失相抵原則、損益相抵原則加以限制,同時關(guān)于學(xué)界對信賴?yán)尜r償應(yīng)否以履行利益為限討論,筆者認(rèn)為履行利益是對締約人最大限度的保護(hù),如超越這一保護(hù)范圍,則使締約人獲得了締約外地以外收獲,不利于公平交易秩序的建立。最后,筆者針對我國的信賴?yán)姹Ｗo(hù)制度進(jìn)行了分析并提出了自己的完善建議。 本文撰寫中,筆者歸納了關(guān)于信賴?yán)姹Ｗo(hù)的部分理論,并在此基礎(chǔ)上提出自己的觀點(diǎn),不足之處,請不吝賜教。
[Abstract]:The continuous development of society makes communication between people and the commodity exchange is more and more frequent, as early as in ancient China has been advocating "words will do," resolute ", a word can never be withdrawn". Under the condition of market economy, everyone through their own behavior in different degree to participate in the transaction to benefit the premise every market participant is required without prejudice to the interests of others and social public interests, and its should be consistent with an honest businessman. The Chinese government also proposes that we should advocate the establishment of a credit society.
The traditional contract law from the legal provisions of contract to design spirit after the conclusion of the rights and obligations of both parties made provisions, safeguard the principle of good faith in the transaction after the implementation of effective, but its scope of protection does not extend to the transaction before the start of negotiations stage and the establishment of the contract invalid or revoked. The protection system of trust interest to compensate for the defects.
This paper is divided into five parts, the first chapter explains the connotation of the interests of the trust. The definition of trust interests, known as the academic debate exists mainly loss, interest, the author puts forward the concept of reliance interest in the combination of the two theories. The advantages and disadvantages of the reliance interest is because trust may fail, or has been the loss of profits and pay the corresponding cost. Has the inherent nature and existingness also trust interest, rationality and predictability, dependence, and because of the reliance and goodwill of lost features. In addition, reliance interest and performance benefits, maintain the interests, the return of interest, the concept of expectation interests there are different.
The second chapter expounds the historical origin, theoretical basis of reliance interest compensation system, elements of civil law. The protection of reliance interest originated from Rome law business in action, is put forward after the forest contracting negligence responsibility after the development of mature; the Anglo American trust interests protection originated from the doctrine of consideration, after Fuller of reliance interest do a comprehensive and systematic explanation. The development of the reliance interest protection mainly originated from the principle of good faith, determine the transaction psychological expectation and protect the safety of transactions. The compensation for reliance interest, there are many academic point of view, the author thinks that violation of pre contract obligations, in violation of the existence of fault, reasonable trust, there is a causal relationship between the elements of the.
The third chapter lists the main application scope of the trust interest compensation system, which varies widely in different countries. However, the general protection includes malicious negotiation, reward advertising, violation of the preparatory contract, violation of the accompanying obligation, cancellation of the offer, cancellation of the contract, invalidation and so on.
The fourth chapter expounds the scope of reliance interest damages including damages and lost interests. The author thinks that because the opportunity benefit is difficult to determine its excluded, is not conducive to the protection of the safety of transactions, to how to determine the academic loss were discussed. Also on the non property damage, but also as the object of the trust benefit protection. It is easy to cause the abuse of discretion of the judge. At the same time the scope of compensation for reliance interest should use the rule of reasonable foresight, the principle of contributory negligence, the principle of profit and loss balance restrictions, while on the circles on the reliance interest compensation should not be limited in performing benefit discussion, the author thinks that the performance benefit is the protection of the parties to the maximum, such as beyond the scope of protection, the parties obtain the foreign contracting outside harvest, is not conducive to the establishment of order even bargain. Finally, the author believes that Riley benefit protection system in China The analysis was carried out and the suggestions for perfection were put forward.
In this article, the author summarizes the theory of reliance interest protection, and on this basis put forward their own views, deficiencies, please generous with your criticism.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D923.6
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