近十年美國科幻電影審美研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-11-19 19:58
【摘要】：作為好萊塢重要的類型片之一,美國科幻電影在并不長的發(fā)展歷史中迅速地發(fā)展并成熟起來,并與科技的進(jìn)步始終保持著緊密的聯(lián)系。依傍得天獨(dú)厚的科技水平作為發(fā)展土壤,美國發(fā)達(dá)的科幻產(chǎn)業(yè)令全世界難以望其項背。從科幻影視誕生之初的簡陋創(chuàng)作,到如今特效和化妝等硬件全副武裝之下的大制作場面,加之它背后蘊(yùn)含的科技批判思想,美國的科幻電影已經(jīng)成為了好萊塢叫好又叫座的一塊招牌。然而,即使擁有濃厚的文學(xué)色彩,它本身還是一種商業(yè)實體,擁有其成功的一套模式。本文以2004-2013年這10年的美國科幻電影為研究對象,對其作出歷史性的梳理,并從審美的角度對其背后蘊(yùn)含的科技批判思想進(jìn)行研究。引言部分主要探討了科幻電影誕生的社會背景,即科學(xué)發(fā)展到一定程度的必然產(chǎn)物。思想界和文學(xué)界對科技理性的反思已經(jīng)有了太多的成果,科幻電影對科技發(fā)展可能導(dǎo)致的悲觀未來做出了大膽的想象。由此而來,科幻電影本身也逐漸成為文藝研究的對象,美國以其得天獨(dú)厚的資源優(yōu)勢向世界提供了豐富的科幻影視研究成果,這種成果主要以論文的形式展示；而中國是引進(jìn)美國科幻片的大國,也擁有著眾多的追隨者,高校里有專門設(shè)立的科幻研究學(xué)科組織,在大眾群體里更是存在著無數(shù)具有創(chuàng)新思想的科幻理論�？傮w來說中國對科幻的研究成果在數(shù)量上毫不遜色于美國,但如何將其與科幻產(chǎn)業(yè)貫通,使其為我國的科幻產(chǎn)業(yè)提供理論支撐仍然是一個瓶頸。第一章是對這10年內(nèi)主要科幻影視作品的內(nèi)容和題材上的分類,按照本文的構(gòu)思概括出三大題材：生化題材、外星生命題材和近年流行的“喪尸”文化是科幻電影繞不開的三大主題。越來越多的醫(yī)療事故和疑難雜癥的出現(xiàn)引發(fā)了人們對生物醫(yī)學(xué)進(jìn)步的懷疑和擔(dān)憂,許多本該用于造福人類的生物化學(xué)研究由于操作不當(dāng)或是受惡人操控,給人類造成了難以挽回的損失甚至災(zāi)難。這是自上世紀(jì)80年代開始以來科幻電影鐘愛的題材；科學(xué)家們對宇宙的好奇心是和對外星生命的探測分不開的,因此外星生命也是科幻電影里長盛不衰的題材,并且能在不同的時代里不斷地推陳出新,從單純地造訪地球,到與人類發(fā)生戰(zhàn)爭、對人類給出保護(hù)地球的警示,外星生命在科幻的世界里似乎與人類有了越來越分不開的關(guān)系；“喪尸”是與生化題材非常接近的一個母題,但區(qū)別在于以它為主題的科幻片不再把重點放在對喪尸形成的生化災(zāi)難原因的探討上,而是展現(xiàn)人類與喪尸共存之后的社會狀態(tài)：喪尸只是一種威脅人類生命的簡單攻擊者,而真正能毀滅人類的仍然是自私、狂妄等人性的陰暗面。第二章梳理了這10年的美國科幻影視常用的情節(jié)模式：但凡故事總有許多不同的角色,由于科幻電影的故事情節(jié)的超現(xiàn)實主義性質(zhì),故科幻片中的角色在結(jié)局中總有一些要死亡,那么安排哪些角色“死亡”關(guān)乎著整部電影的思想和價值觀走向。此外,女性角色在科幻片中的地位變化也是值得注意的一個現(xiàn)象,它不單是好萊塢大片商業(yè)模式的要求,背后更蘊(yùn)含著深層次的社會與人文原因。第三章從審美角度探討了科幻片外在形式和內(nèi)心投射兩方面的審美特征,科幻電影的特技使得數(shù)字審美成為一種新型的審美對象,對科幻片的欣賞已不僅是對故事情節(jié)的觀看,更加入了對電腦制作技術(shù)的全新感受�？苹秒娪暗膱鼍斑x擇是一種符號化的行為,它并非隨意為之,一個具有意味的地點或場景可以比語言有更豐富的表達(dá)能力。近年來好萊塢對中國元素的大量運(yùn)用體現(xiàn)了其具有前瞻性的市場化視角,而一個重要的商業(yè)行為背后必定有著政治、文化等原因。內(nèi)心投射方面,科幻電影能引起人們擔(dān)憂或是反思的原因在與它喚起了人們與生俱來的恐懼心理,由恐懼而引發(fā)的思考必定是廣泛和深刻的�？苹秒娪笆谴蟊娢幕�,盡管在數(shù)量上擁有許多中國觀眾,但其傳播在整個中國范圍內(nèi)卻呈現(xiàn)出小眾化的趨勢,并不比韓劇有更廣泛的收視率,這其中的原因也是多層次的,包括文化傳統(tǒng)以及體制政策等多方面。最后探討科幻電影在中國的傳播現(xiàn)狀,以及中國無法生產(chǎn)像好萊塢大片那樣優(yōu)秀的科幻片的原因,中國科幻產(chǎn)業(yè)的未來并非一片黑暗,只不過需要我們幾代人的努力才能達(dá)到。
[Abstract]:As one of the most important types of Hollywood movies, the American film has developed and matured rapidly in a long history of development, and has always been in close contact with the progress of science and technology. The rich scientific and technological level of the United States, as the development of the soil, makes it difficult for the world to see its back. From the simple creation of the birth of sci-fi film and television, to the large-scale production under the hardware of special effects and make-up, and the science and technology critical idea behind it, the American film has become a sign of Hollywood's good name and call. However, even with a strong literary color, it is a business entity that has a successful set of models. This paper, taking the 10-year-old American film as the research object in 2004-2013, has made a historic combing, and studies the science and technology critical idea behind it from the point of view of the aesthetic angle. The introduction part mainly discusses the social background of the birth of the film, that is, the scientific development to a certain degree of inevitable product. The reflection of scientific and technological rationality in the ideological and literary circles has been a lot of achievements, and the film has made a bold picture of the pessimistic future that can lead to the development of science and technology. As a result, the film itself has become the subject of the study of literature and art, and the United States has provided the world with the rich science fiction and film research results with its unique resource advantages. The result is mainly presented in the form of the paper; and China is a great country to introduce the American sci-fi film. There are many followers, there are special science fiction research subjects in the university, and there are numerous science fiction theories with innovative ideas in the mass group. In general, the research results of science fiction in China are not inferior to the United States in quantity, but how to make it go through with the science fiction industry to provide the theoretical support for the science fiction industry in our country is still a bottleneck. The first chapter is the classification of the content and subject of the main sci-fi film and television works in the 10 years. According to the conception of this paper, the three themes: the subject of biochemistry, the subject of extraterrestrial life and the popular 鈥渄ead body鈥，
本文編號：2343276
[Abstract]:As one of the most important types of Hollywood movies, the American film has developed and matured rapidly in a long history of development, and has always been in close contact with the progress of science and technology. The rich scientific and technological level of the United States, as the development of the soil, makes it difficult for the world to see its back. From the simple creation of the birth of sci-fi film and television, to the large-scale production under the hardware of special effects and make-up, and the science and technology critical idea behind it, the American film has become a sign of Hollywood's good name and call. However, even with a strong literary color, it is a business entity that has a successful set of models. This paper, taking the 10-year-old American film as the research object in 2004-2013, has made a historic combing, and studies the science and technology critical idea behind it from the point of view of the aesthetic angle. The introduction part mainly discusses the social background of the birth of the film, that is, the scientific development to a certain degree of inevitable product. The reflection of scientific and technological rationality in the ideological and literary circles has been a lot of achievements, and the film has made a bold picture of the pessimistic future that can lead to the development of science and technology. As a result, the film itself has become the subject of the study of literature and art, and the United States has provided the world with the rich science fiction and film research results with its unique resource advantages. The result is mainly presented in the form of the paper; and China is a great country to introduce the American sci-fi film. There are many followers, there are special science fiction research subjects in the university, and there are numerous science fiction theories with innovative ideas in the mass group. In general, the research results of science fiction in China are not inferior to the United States in quantity, but how to make it go through with the science fiction industry to provide the theoretical support for the science fiction industry in our country is still a bottleneck. The first chapter is the classification of the content and subject of the main sci-fi film and television works in the 10 years. According to the conception of this paper, the three themes: the subject of biochemistry, the subject of extraterrestrial life and the popular 鈥渄ead body鈥，
本文編號：2343276
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