摘要
城市化進(jìn)程中，必然會(huì)對(duì)城市生態(tài)環(huán)境產(chǎn)生影響。對(duì)我國(guó)城市生態(tài)環(huán)境進(jìn)行深入地研究，提出調(diào)控我國(guó)生態(tài)環(huán)境的措施，確保城市生態(tài)環(huán)境的改善，使城市生態(tài)系統(tǒng)處于良性循環(huán)狀態(tài)，從而能夠使城市處于可持續(xù)發(fā)展?fàn)顟B(tài)。以三亞為例研究了城市化進(jìn)程對(duì)城市生態(tài)環(huán)境的影響。
首先，從理論角度分析了城市化進(jìn)程對(duì)生態(tài)環(huán)境的影響，分別討論了城市化對(duì)水環(huán)境、大氣環(huán)境、以及土地環(huán)境的影響，同時(shí)也討論了生態(tài)環(huán)境對(duì)城市化的影響；其次，分析了三亞市城市化進(jìn)程現(xiàn)狀和生態(tài)環(huán)境特征；然后，分析了三亞市城市化進(jìn)程中生態(tài)環(huán)境效應(yīng)，三亞市城市化占用了較多的土地、破壞了生態(tài)環(huán)境、導(dǎo)致了環(huán)境的污染；接著，進(jìn)行了三亞市存在的生態(tài)問題及形成原因分析，城市人口增加和城市規(guī)模擴(kuò)張是破壞三亞市生態(tài)環(huán)境的主要因素；最后，提出了三亞市在城市化進(jìn)程中保護(hù)生態(tài)環(huán)境對(duì)策，從監(jiān)管隊(duì)伍建設(shè)、環(huán)境治理以及立法建設(shè)進(jìn)行了討論，可以通過增強(qiáng)三亞市生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)的力度控制城市化的進(jìn)程，避免生態(tài)環(huán)境的破壞，提高人們的生活質(zhì)量，加強(qiáng)環(huán)境監(jiān)管隊(duì)伍的建設(shè)，同時(shí)通過增加財(cái)政支出加大環(huán)境治理力度，制定生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)的法律體系。
關(guān)鍵詞：三亞市，城市化進(jìn)程，城市生態(tài)環(huán)境，影響
 
Abstract
In the process of urbanization, it will inevitably impact on the ecological environment of the city. The urban ecological environment in China is studied in depth, and the control measures of ecological environment of our country is put forward, which can ensure that the improvement of the urban ecological environment, urban ecological system in a virtuous circle, which can make the city in the state of sustainable development. Taking Sanya city as example the influence of urbanization on the urban ecological environment is studied. 
First of all, from the theoretical point of view of the influence of urbanization on the ecological environment, the urbanization of the water environment, atmospheric environment, land and environmental impact are discussed, at the same time, the impact on the ecological environment of urbanization is also discussed; secondly, the characteristics of the present situation and ecological environment of Sanya city urbanization are analyzed; then the effect of ecological environment in Sanya city in the process of urbanization is analyzed, urbanization of Sanya City, occupy more land, destruction of the ecological environment, resulting in the pollution of the environment; then the ecological problem of Sanya city and the cause of formation, the increase of urban population and urban expansion is a major factor in destruction of ecological environment in Sanya city; finally, put forward Sanya city in the process of urbanization in the protection of the ecological environment countermeasures are discussed from the supervision team construction, environmental governance and the construction of legislation. Through strengthening the ecological environment protection intensity of Sanya city to control the urbanization, avoid the destruction of the ecological environment, improve people's quality of life, and strengthen the construction of environmental supervision team. At the same time through increasing  
fiscal expenditure to improve the intensity of environmental governance, and establish the legal system of the development of ecological environmental protection.
Keywords: Sanya city,urbanization,city environment,influence

目錄

摘要 III
Abstract IV
1 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2研究意義 1
1.3研究目的 2
2 城市化進(jìn)程對(duì)生態(tài)環(huán)境的影響 3
2.1城市化進(jìn)程與生態(tài)環(huán)境的關(guān)系 3
2.2城市化對(duì)水環(huán)境的影響 3
2.3城市化對(duì)大氣環(huán)境的影響 4
2.4城市化對(duì)土地環(huán)境的影響 4
2.5 生態(tài)環(huán)境對(duì)城市化的影響 5
3 三亞市城市化進(jìn)程現(xiàn)狀和生態(tài)環(huán)境特征 6
3.1 三亞市城市化進(jìn)程現(xiàn)狀 6
3.2 三亞市生態(tài)環(huán)境現(xiàn)狀                                 6
3.3 三亞市生態(tài)環(huán)境特征 7
4 三亞市存在的城市生態(tài)問題及形成原因分析 8
4.1三亞市存在的城市生態(tài)問題 8
4.2 三亞市生態(tài)問題產(chǎn)生的主要原因 8
5 三亞市在城市化進(jìn)程中保護(hù)生態(tài)環(huán)境對(duì)策 11
6 結(jié)論 13
參考文獻(xiàn) 14
致謝 15

1 緒論

1.1 研究背景
隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)的持續(xù)發(fā)生以及社會(huì)工業(yè)化程度不斷增強(qiáng)，城市人口規(guī)模日益增加，城市用地也不斷擴(kuò)大，城市得到了前所未有的發(fā)展。目前，城市化已經(jīng)成為全球范圍內(nèi)的一種普遍現(xiàn)象，各個(gè)城市已經(jīng)進(jìn)入了高度城市化的進(jìn)程之中。所謂城市化，，就是從過去的鄉(xiāng)村社會(huì)逐步向現(xiàn)代社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)變的過程，城市化屬于一個(gè)復(fù)雜的空間形態(tài)變化過程，涉及了社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)的諸多方面，一方面體現(xiàn)在農(nóng)業(yè)人口向城市人口的轉(zhuǎn)變，另外一方面還體現(xiàn)在多個(gè)層面的變化。城市化具有多維性，從人口角度，城市的人口規(guī)模日益擴(kuò)大；從空間角度，城市用地面積增加，城市數(shù)量增多；從產(chǎn)業(yè)角度，非農(nóng)經(jīng)濟(jì)取代農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)；從社會(huì)文化角度，生活方式和價(jià)值理念的轉(zhuǎn)變過程[1]
城市是社會(huì)發(fā)展到一定階段產(chǎn)生的，屬于人口和產(chǎn)業(yè)最為密集的場(chǎng)所，整個(gè)系統(tǒng)以人為主體。城市生態(tài)環(huán)境是在城市區(qū)域內(nèi)，城市居民和周圍環(huán)境的統(tǒng)一體以及該統(tǒng)一體進(jìn)行物質(zhì)和能量流動(dòng)的組成要素，包括自然環(huán)境要素、社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)要素。城市自然環(huán)境要素主要包括物理環(huán)境（氣候和大氣、地質(zhì)地貌、土地以及水文資源）和生物環(huán)境（動(dòng)物、植物以及微生物）；社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)要素包括城市設(shè)施（建筑物、管線、交通設(shè)施以及環(huán)境設(shè)施）、社會(huì)服務(wù)（勞動(dòng)力、政法以及科學(xué)教育）和生產(chǎn)對(duì)象（工業(yè)、農(nóng)業(yè)、商業(yè)、建筑業(yè)以及交通業(yè)）。

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