發(fā)布時間：2019-06-20 13:05

【摘要】：話輪轉換是會話分析研究最重要的部分之一,其研究對象是在日常生活中自然發(fā)生的口語交際。國內話輪轉換研究關注自然狀態(tài)下的非機構性會話的研究較少,關注陌生人之間的自然發(fā)生的交際更是少之又少。本文最重要的一個研究目的是分析陌生人在自然狀態(tài)下的交際中,在話輪構建單位上、話輪轉換上以及話輪控制策略上的特點。筆者選擇了以觀察實驗為目的的電視節(jié)目《你會怎么做》作為分析對象,以Gail Jefferson發(fā)明的轉寫系統(tǒng)為基礎對其進行轉寫及研究。本文主要采用了描述法、分析法和列舉法進行分析論證,主要發(fā)現(xiàn)了陌生人交際中的一些話輪轉換特殊規(guī)律并嘗試建立了新的話輪轉換規(guī)則及幾條常用的話輪控制策略,主要如下:在轉換關聯(lián)位置之前發(fā)生話輪轉換,可以分為發(fā)生于“前”聽話者之間的重疊和發(fā)生于當前說話者與聽話者之間的重疊兩類:前者的發(fā)生原因一般為說話者之間持有相同或相似的觀點和交際目的,試圖互相幫助共同向陌生人闡明我方的想法或觀點。后者的發(fā)生原因主要有急于安慰、質疑反駁、迫切表態(tài)、情緒激動以及對轉換關聯(lián)位置的判斷失誤等;過了轉換關聯(lián)位置仍未發(fā)生話輪轉換的一般情況有無人競爭或自選成為說話者,而說話者也無意繼續(xù)以及被選為說話者的人拒絕說話等兩種:在轉換關聯(lián)位置發(fā)生話輪轉換的特殊規(guī)律有:(1)當前說話者選擇了下一說話者時,其他人仍能搶先自選,接過話輪。(2)當前說話者選擇的下一說話者的對象不止一人時,被選人群中常常有一個人自選成為說話者接過話輪。(3)有兩個以上的說話者同時開口說話,自選成為下一說話者,如果一方是上一話輪的說話者,則其更有可能取得下一個話輪權。(4)有兩個以上的說話者同時開口說話,自選成為下一說話者,如果一方開頭為連接成分,一方開頭為實義成分,那么往往是以連接成分開頭的人退出競爭。常見的話輪控制策略分為話輪索取策略、話輪保持策略與話輪出讓策略。其中,話輪索取策略可以分為使用言語性成分和非言語性成分兩種,前者包括打斷、插入連詞、使用插入語等。在越接近轉換關聯(lián)位置處使用索取策略,越能提高交際效率。非言語性的話輪索取策略必須為當前說話者接收才能發(fā)揮作用,注視和靠近是最常用的兩種非言語性的話輪索取策略,二者同時使用能達到更好的效果;話輪保持策略有加快語速、提高音量、插入銜接成分、索取反饋信號、拉長音節(jié)等。加快語速和提高音量通常成對出現(xiàn),插入銜接成分的位置必須越靠近轉換關聯(lián)位置越好;話輪出讓策略有利于會話參與者判斷轉換關聯(lián)位置,避免重疊現(xiàn)象以及話輪間的停頓過長的現(xiàn)象,常使用的出讓策略有:使用稱呼、提問以及停止說話等。本文的特點及貢獻創(chuàng)新點主要在于,以觀察實驗為目的的實錄型電視節(jié)目中的會話作為研究對象,選材新穎,不僅克服了現(xiàn)存的基礎語料中的自然性和口語性缺乏的問題,還有效地得到了全方位記錄語言實際的素材,提出了更加完善的話輪轉換規(guī)則,有利于促進漢語會話分析話輪轉換規(guī)律的全面研究。此外,筆者絕對尊重語言實際,以語言事實作為研究基礎,補充了規(guī)則之外的“特殊現(xiàn)象”,并提供解釋,完善了漢語口語交際的會話研究。
[Abstract]:The word-wheel conversion is one of the most important parts of the session analysis, and its research object is the oral communication that occurs naturally in the daily life. The research on the non-institutional conversation in the natural state is less, and it is less and less important to pay attention to the natural occurrence of the stranger. The most important purpose of this paper is to analyze the characteristics of a stranger's communication in a natural state, on a session-wheel construction unit, on a session-wheel conversion, and a session-wheel control strategy. The author has selected the TV program to observe the experiment as the purpose. How do you do> as an analysis object, write and study it on the basis of the transfer system of the Gail Jefferson invention. In this paper, the description method, the analysis method and the enumeration method are used for the analysis and demonstration. The special rules of some words in the communication of the stranger are mainly found, and the new rules of the wheel transformation and several commonly used wheel control strategies are set up. The main results are as follows: in that event of a transition of the session prior to the transition of the associate location, the overlap between the "Front" listener and the overlap between the current speaker and the listener occur, Try to help each other to set out our ideas or views to strangers. The reason of the latter is to be anxious to comfort, to challenge the rebuttal, the urgent position, the emotional excitement and the judgment error of the related position of the conversion, etc.; the general situation that the conversion association position still does not have the change of the session wheel has no competition or self-choice to be the speaker, While the speaker does not intend to continue and the person selected as the speaker refuses to speak, and the like: (1) when the current speaker selects the next speaker, the other person can still advance the self-selection and take the session wheel. And (2) when the object of the next speaker selected by the current speaker is more than one person, a person in the selected group is often selected to be the speaker receiving wheel. (3) More than two speakers speak at the same time and choose to be the next speaker, and if one is the speaker of the previous one, it is more likely that the next speaker will be obtained. (4) There are more than two speakers who speak at the same time and choose to be the next speaker. If one of the speakers is the connection component, the one begins to be a real component, then it is often the person who starts with the connection component to exit the competition. The common word-wheel control strategy is divided into two-wheel request strategy, session-wheel maintenance strategy and session-wheel transfer strategy. In which, the request strategy of the session wheel can be divided into two types: the use of the speech component and the non-verbal component, the former includes the interruption, the insertion of the connection word, the use of the insertion language, and the like. The higher the access strategy is used, the more the communication efficiency can be improved. the non-verbal-speaking-wheel request strategy must be received by the current speaker to play a role, and the two non-verbal information-driven strategies which are the most commonly used can be obtained at the same time, both of which can achieve a better effect; and the session-wheel holding strategy has the advantages of speeding up the speech speed and increasing the volume, Insert the cohesive component, ask for feedback signal, lengthen the syllable, etc. the speed and the volume of the conversation are usually paired in pairs, the closer the position of the inserted connecting component is closer to the better of the conversion correlation position, the conversation wheel transfer strategy is favorable for the conversation participants to judge the conversion relation position, avoid the overlapping phenomenon and the phenomenon that the pause between the conversation wheels is too long, The commonly used transfer strategies include the use of the address, the question, and the stop of the speech. The characteristic and contribution innovation point of this paper is to observe the session in the real-recorded television program for the purpose of observing the experiment as the research object, and the material selection is novel, not only the problem of the lack of naturalness and spoken language in the existing basic material is overcome, It is also effective to obtain the material of all-round recording language, and put forward a more perfect wheel transformation rule, which is beneficial to the comprehensive study of the law of the Chinese conversation analysis. In addition, the author absolutely respects the reality of the language, uses the language fact as the basis of the research, supplements the "special phenomena" outside the rule, and provides the explanation, and the session study of the oral communication of the Chinese is improved.
【學位授予單位】：廣西師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：H313

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本文編號：2503240