【摘要】：英國女作家艾米莉·勃朗特的小說《呼嘯山莊》是一部世界經(jīng)典文學(xué)作品。小說中獨(dú)特的語言魅力及生動(dòng)的人物形象打動(dòng)了一代又一代的讀者。在這部小說中,人物的日常交際主要是通過對(duì)話實(shí)現(xiàn)的,因此研究這部作品中的人物對(duì)話十分必要。本文回顧了19世紀(jì)和現(xiàn)當(dāng)代關(guān)于艾米莉·勃朗特和《呼嘯山莊》的文學(xué)研究和批評(píng),提出運(yùn)用語用學(xué)理論分析《呼嘯山莊》中會(huì)話含義的可行性和必要性。本文使用的語用理論是格萊斯的合作原則,里奇的禮貌原則和布朗和萊文森的間接禮貌策略理論。本文詳細(xì)闡述了這三個(gè)理論,并解釋了它們之間的關(guān)系,為分析小說中會(huì)話含義提供了清晰的理論框架和研究工具。合作原則解釋了會(huì)話含義如何產(chǎn)生和理解;禮貌原則解釋了人們違反合作原則而采用間接方式表達(dá)真正含義的原因;間接禮貌策略解釋了產(chǎn)生不同會(huì)話含義的對(duì)話的語言形式上的實(shí)現(xiàn)方式。本文運(yùn)用上述語用學(xué)理論對(duì)小說《呼嘯山莊》里精選出的大量典型對(duì)話中的會(huì)話含義進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)剖析。根據(jù)間接禮貌策略在小說中的不同語言實(shí)現(xiàn)方式將這些對(duì)話進(jìn)行了分類和比較分析。本文主要對(duì)以下兩個(gè)問題進(jìn)行研究:(1)通過分析《呼嘯山莊》中小說人物之間違反合作原則的對(duì)話,可以推斷出怎么樣的會(huì)話含義,以及分析出人物違反合作原則,采用間接表達(dá)方式,制造會(huì)話含義的原因。小說人物違反合作原則主要是為了顧及到交談?wù)叩拿孀訂栴}以及言語交際中的禮貌原則。為了減少對(duì)交談?wù)叩拿孀油{,他們往往使用看似禮貌的言語方式,隱諱的表達(dá)自己的真實(shí)想法和情感從而避免直接沖突或?qū)擂巍?2)通過分析小說中人物對(duì)話中的會(huì)話含義,進(jìn)而總結(jié)出小說中各個(gè)人物有著怎樣的性格特點(diǎn)。通過希斯克利夫和伊莎貝拉,小林頓和哈里頓之間的對(duì)話分析出希斯克利夫?qū)λ麄兊闹S刺和厭惡,進(jìn)而推斷出希斯克利夫是一個(gè)殘忍無情,心狠手辣而且性格暴躁的人;通過凱瑟琳和伊莎貝拉,希斯克利夫和林頓之間的對(duì)話,可以分析出凱瑟琳對(duì)伊莎貝拉的嫉妒和怨恨,對(duì)希斯克利夫充滿了強(qiáng)烈的愛與恨和對(duì)林頓的無視和冷漠,從而推斷出凱瑟琳是一個(gè)自私和虛榮的人。小說主題愛與恨在男女主人公之間對(duì)話隱含的會(huì)話含義中得到充分體現(xiàn)。本文通過從語用學(xué)角度對(duì)《呼嘯山莊》里的會(huì)話含義進(jìn)行解讀,一方面更深層次地揭示了小說人物性格,從而有助于讀者更好地理解和欣賞小說。另一方面豐富了傳統(tǒng)的對(duì)艾米莉·勃朗特的研究,并拓寬了語用學(xué)在文學(xué)領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用。
[Abstract]:The novel Wuthering Heights by Emily Bronte, an English woman writer, is a classic literary work of the world. The unique language charm and vivid characters in the novel moved the readers from generation to generation. In this novel, the daily communication of characters is mainly achieved through dialogue, so it is necessary to study the dialogue of characters in this novel. This paper reviews the literary research and criticism of Emily Bronte and Wuthering Heights in the 19th century and modern times, and puts forward the feasibility and necessity of analyzing conversational implicature in Wuthering Heights with the theory of pragmatics of operational terms. The pragmatic theory used in this thesis is Gracie's Cooperative principle, Richie's Politeness principle and Brown's and Levinson's indirect Politeness Strategy Theory. This paper expounds these three theories in detail and explains the relationship between them, which provides a clear theoretical framework and research tools for the analysis of conversational implicature in the novel. Cooperation principle explains how conversational implicature is produced and understood, politeness principle explains the reason why people use indirect ways to express real meaning in violation of cooperative principle. Indirect politeness strategies explain the linguistic implementation of dialogue with different conversational implicature. This paper makes a detailed analysis of the conversational implicature in a large number of typical dialogues selected in Wuthering Heights by using the above pragmatic theory. This paper classifies and compares these dialogues according to the different language implementations of indirect politeness strategies in the novel. This paper mainly studies the following two issues: (1) by analyzing the dialogue between the characters in Wuthering Heights who violate the principle of cooperation, we can infer what kind of conversational implicature, and analyze the violation of the principle of cooperation between the characters. Indirect expression is used to create the cause of conversational implicature. Novel characters violate the principle of cooperation mainly in order to take into account the face of the interviewer and the politeness principle in verbal communication. In order to reduce the threat of face to the interviewer, they tend to use seemingly polite ways of speaking. We can avoid direct conflict or embarrassment by implicitly expressing our true thoughts and feelings. (2) by analyzing the conversational implicature of the characters in the novel, we can sum up the character characteristics of each character in the novel. Through the dialogue between Heathcliff and Isabella, Little Linton and Hareton, the author analyzes Heathcliff's satire and disgust towards them, and then infers that Heathcliff is a cruel, cruel and grumpy man; Through the dialogue between Catherine and Isabella, Heathcliff and Linton, it can be found that Catherine's jealousy and resentment towards Isabella, the strong love and hate for Heathcliff, and the disregard and indifference to Linton, It was thus inferred that Catherine was a selfish and vain person. The theme of love and hate in the novel is fully embodied in the conversational implicature of the dialogue between the protagonists and protagonists. This paper interprets the conversational implicature in Wuthering Heights from the perspective of pragmatics, on the one hand, it reveals the character of characters in the novel at a deeper level, thus helping readers to better understand and appreciate the novel. On the other hand, it enriches the traditional study of Emily Bronte and widens the application of pragmatics in literature.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南昌航空大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：H313

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