【摘要】：西方翻譯研究發(fā)生過(guò)“語(yǔ)文學(xué)范式”、“語(yǔ)言學(xué)范式”和“文化范式”三種變化。近年來(lái),在“文化轉(zhuǎn)向”下的翻譯研究方興未艾之時(shí),又發(fā)生“翻譯研究社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)向”�？v觀翻譯研究的發(fā)展歷程,前兩次翻譯研究重視翻譯過(guò)程的語(yǔ)言層面,后兩次則關(guān)注影響和制約翻譯過(guò)程的社會(huì)與文化因素。無(wú)論哪種范式的研究,語(yǔ)言?xún)?nèi)還是語(yǔ)言外的,都十分注重考察各種因素對(duì)翻譯過(guò)程中語(yǔ)言組織和規(guī)則運(yùn)用的正向掌控作用,這是“研究翻譯過(guò)程”的研究。應(yīng)該指出,翻譯文本不同于翻譯過(guò)程:翻譯文本是靜態(tài)的存在,翻譯過(guò)程是動(dòng)態(tài)的延伸。作為翻譯過(guò)程的最終產(chǎn)品,翻譯文本既是復(fù)雜語(yǔ)言活動(dòng)的產(chǎn)物,又是中外文化碰撞和融合的結(jié)晶,翻譯文本還是反饋和折射復(fù)雜社會(huì)現(xiàn)象的依據(jù)。作為復(fù)雜語(yǔ)言活動(dòng)的產(chǎn)物,翻譯文本體現(xiàn)了譯者準(zhǔn)確的理解能力、高超的語(yǔ)言功底和純熟的翻譯技巧;作為中外文化交流的結(jié)晶,翻譯文本中所蘊(yùn)含的來(lái)自異域的新思想和新時(shí)尚鼓舞和激勵(lì)了無(wú)數(shù)有志青年為理想而斗爭(zhēng);作為反饋和折射社會(huì)現(xiàn)象的依據(jù),為數(shù)眾多的翻譯文本能夠超越普通文本更準(zhǔn)確地反映更鮮明的時(shí)代烙印和社會(huì)特色。在社會(huì)大變革和大動(dòng)蕩的特殊時(shí)期尤為如此,而且“翻譯文本”中的社會(huì)印記不會(huì)隨著歲月的流逝而有所改變。因此,完全可以利用翻譯文本中凸顯的、實(shí)際已固化的社會(huì)印記來(lái)探討“翻譯文本與社會(huì)”,這種反向推導(dǎo)研究是“用翻譯文本研究”的研究。本論文試圖構(gòu)建“共時(shí)與歷時(shí)相互交叉、語(yǔ)言?xún)?nèi)與語(yǔ)言外因素相互作用”的多層次動(dòng)態(tài)研究框架。采用“特殊時(shí)期的特定翻譯文本”來(lái)論證翻譯文本語(yǔ)言表達(dá)的社會(huì)淵源、翻譯文本思想傾向的社會(huì)作用和翻譯文本翻譯規(guī)范的社會(huì)演變。希望通過(guò)“超越語(yǔ)言”來(lái)重新審視晚清至五四時(shí)期英漢文學(xué)翻譯文本,通過(guò)“由研究翻譯過(guò)程超越到用翻譯文本研究”來(lái)擺脫“探討何種因素何時(shí)何地對(duì)翻譯過(guò)程產(chǎn)生何種影響”的研究定勢(shì),通過(guò)分析歸納翻譯文本結(jié)構(gòu)/內(nèi)容和規(guī)范層面的社會(huì)屬性來(lái)推導(dǎo)“社會(huì)與翻譯”的緊密聯(lián)系,并試圖最終揭示“翻譯文本可以對(duì)社會(huì)產(chǎn)生積極推動(dòng)作用”。在對(duì)大量語(yǔ)料進(jìn)行分析的基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)現(xiàn),翻譯文本與社會(huì)之間不僅具有“緊密聯(lián)系”,而且具有“相互關(guān)系”:社會(huì)和文化因素可以對(duì)翻譯文本產(chǎn)生正向的影響和制約作用,翻譯文本也可以對(duì)當(dāng)時(shí)社會(huì)產(chǎn)生反向的引導(dǎo)和推動(dòng)作用。而翻譯文本的“社會(huì)作用”也可以提升到“社會(huì)推動(dòng)作用”。第四章很清楚地顯現(xiàn)了“翻譯文本社會(huì)推動(dòng)作用”的運(yùn)行軌跡。應(yīng)該肯定,在社會(huì)大動(dòng)蕩和大變革時(shí)期,星星之火可以燎原,任何有號(hào)召力的思想主張都可以引起社會(huì)波瀾,都可以引發(fā)巨大的推動(dòng)力量,從而產(chǎn)生驚天動(dòng)地的社會(huì)變革。這就是“翻譯文本”在“特殊時(shí)期”所產(chǎn)生的“社會(huì)推動(dòng)作用”。論文研究思路的形成和研究框架的構(gòu)建對(duì)于深入開(kāi)展翻譯文本研究,對(duì)于促進(jìn)翻譯理論建設(shè)都具有一定的理論參考價(jià)值。而依據(jù)“特殊時(shí)期的特定文本”,即晚清至五四這一文字發(fā)生突變、社會(huì)環(huán)境錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜的時(shí)期的翻譯文本來(lái)研究“社會(huì)與翻譯”,不僅可以補(bǔ)充和完善社會(huì)視角的翻譯文本研究,對(duì)于促進(jìn)社會(huì)翻譯學(xué)(或翻譯社會(huì)學(xué))學(xué)科的建立也可以提供有價(jià)值的借鑒。
[Abstract]:Western translation studies have undergone three changes: the "linguistic paradigm", "the linguistic paradigm" and "the cultural paradigm". The latter two studies focus on the social and cultural factors that influence and restrict the process of translation. Similar to translation process: translation text is a static existence and translation process is a dynamic extension. As the final product of translation process, translation text is not only the product of complex linguistic activities, but also the crystallization of cultural collision and fusion between China and foreign countries. Translation text is the basis of feedback and refraction of complex social phenomena. The translated text embodies the translator's accurate comprehension, superb linguistic skills and skilled translation skills; as the crystallization of cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries, the new ideas and fashions in the translated text inspire and inspire countless young people with lofty ideals to struggle for their ideals; as a basis for feedback and refraction of social phenomena, it serves as a basis for the masses. Many translated texts can more accurately reflect the distinctive brand of the times and social characteristics than ordinary texts. This is especially true during the special period of social change and great turbulence, and the social imprints in the "translated texts" will not change with the passage of time. This paper attempts to construct a multi-level dynamic research framework of simultaneous and diachronic interaction between intralinguistic and extralinguistic factors, and to adopt "special translated texts in special periods". This paper demonstrates the social origin of the language expression of the translated text, the social function of the ideological tendency of the translated text and the social evolution of the translation norms of the translated text. By analyzing and summarizing the social attributes of the structure/content and the normative level of the translated text, this paper tries to deduce the close relationship between society and translation, and finally reveals that the translated text can play a positive role in promoting society. On the basis of line analysis, it is found that there is not only a "close relationship" between the translated text and society, but also a "mutual relationship": social and cultural factors can exert a positive influence and restriction on the translated text, and the translated text can also exert a reverse guiding and promoting effect on the society at that time. Chapter Four clearly shows the trajectory of the social impetus of the translated text. It should be affirmed that in the period of social turbulence and great change, the spark of fire can start a prairie fire, and any appealing ideas and propositions can cause social unrest and great impetus. This is the "social impetus" produced by the "translated text" in the "special period". The formation of research ideas and the construction of research framework have certain theoretical reference value for the further development of translation studies and for the promotion of translation theory construction. The study of "society and translation" by the translated texts of the period from the late Qing Dynasty to the May 4th Movement can not only complement and perfect the study of translated texts from a social perspective, but also provide valuable information for the establishment of the discipline of social translation (or sociology of translation). Value reference.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：H315.9
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本文編號(hào)：2251022