【摘要】：大量研究表明,在知覺加工過程中,不同模態(tài)之間的轉(zhuǎn)換會(huì)產(chǎn)生加工消耗。知覺符號(hào)理論認(rèn)為外界事物以多模態(tài)知覺符號(hào)的形式儲(chǔ)存在大腦中,相關(guān)知覺符號(hào)構(gòu)成仿真器,實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)外界的認(rèn)知,同時(shí)不同概念的表征會(huì)激活不同的知覺體驗(yàn)。根據(jù)知覺符號(hào)理論的觀點(diǎn),知覺模擬是概念表征的基礎(chǔ),對(duì)概念不同模態(tài)的加工就會(huì)產(chǎn)生轉(zhuǎn)換消耗。據(jù)此,國外學(xué)者展開了一系列探究,并提出了概念加工中的模態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換效應(yīng)。但此類研究大多集中在母語加工層面,很少探討二語加工中模態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換效應(yīng)的存在。另一方面,之前對(duì)否定句中的概念加工研究證明了否定信息以具身模式的方式表征,但沒有證明知覺模擬會(huì)影響否定信息的加工。因此,本文在前人研究基礎(chǔ)上,從知覺模態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換的視角出發(fā),通過采用ERPs實(shí)驗(yàn)技術(shù),對(duì)中國EFL學(xué)習(xí)者英語句子中的概念加工做進(jìn)一步的考察。具體研究問題為:(1)模態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換效應(yīng)是否存在于中國EFL學(xué)習(xí)者英語肯定句的概念加工中?(2)模態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換效應(yīng)是否存在于中國EFL學(xué)習(xí)者英語否定句的概念加工中?本研究采用2(模態(tài)條件:模態(tài)一致與模態(tài)不一致)×2(句式:肯定句與否定句)雙因素被試內(nèi)實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì),選取20名四川外國語大學(xué)英語語言文學(xué)專業(yè)的研究生作為被試。實(shí)驗(yàn)采用句子判斷任務(wù)范式,讓被試對(duì)句中概念的描述正誤進(jìn)行判斷。之后,依據(jù)所記錄的行為和腦電數(shù)據(jù)來探討二語肯否定句中的概念加工是否存在模態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換效應(yīng)。實(shí)驗(yàn)采用E-Prime 2.0軟件進(jìn)行編程,Neuroscan 4.5和Synaps 2采集并記錄實(shí)驗(yàn)中產(chǎn)生的腦電數(shù)據(jù),而后對(duì)腦電數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行離線分析,并將結(jié)果輸入SPSS19.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件中進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。整個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)完成于四川外國語大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)認(rèn)知神經(jīng)實(shí)驗(yàn)室。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果如下:(1)英語肯定句的加工中,行為數(shù)據(jù)顯示:模態(tài)一致與不一致的條件下,被試對(duì)目標(biāo)句的反應(yīng)時(shí)(t=-0.186,p=0.8550.05)與準(zhǔn)確率(t=0.000,p=1.0000.05)均無顯著差異;同時(shí)腦電數(shù)據(jù)顯示,模態(tài)不一致比模態(tài)一致的條件誘發(fā)了波幅更大的P200(t=-3.551,p=0.0010.05)和潛伏期更長的N400(t=-2.053,p=0.0420.05)。這一結(jié)果表明,中國EFL學(xué)習(xí)者的二語概念加工是建立在知覺經(jīng)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上,被試在模態(tài)不一致的條件下需要付出更多的認(rèn)知努力和注意力。此外,本研究還發(fā)現(xiàn)模態(tài)一致比模態(tài)不一致的條件誘發(fā)了更大的N100波幅(t=-2.920,p=0.0040.05),說明不同模態(tài)的知覺刺激誘發(fā)了不同的ERP調(diào)制效應(yīng)。(2)英語否定句的加工中,行為數(shù)據(jù)顯示:模態(tài)一致與不一致的條件下,被試對(duì)目標(biāo)(3)句的反應(yīng)時(shí)(t=1.308,p=0.2090.05)無顯著差異,但被試在模態(tài)不一致條件下的準(zhǔn)確率顯著小于模態(tài)一致條件下的準(zhǔn)確率(t=2.364,p=0.0310.05),說明不同模態(tài)條件下的語境句干擾了被試對(duì)目標(biāo)句的理解或者一致模態(tài)條件下的語境句促進(jìn)了被試對(duì)目標(biāo)否定句的理解;同時(shí)腦電數(shù)據(jù)顯示,與肯定句中的概念加工類似,模態(tài)不一致比模態(tài)一致的條件誘發(fā)了更大的P200波幅(t=-4.026,p=0.0000.05)、潛伏期更長的N400(t=-2.965,p=0.0040.05)以及較小波幅的N100波幅(t=-4.145,p=0.0000.05),這表明否定因子的加入,并不影響模態(tài)條件對(duì)句中的概念加工,中國EFL學(xué)習(xí)者英語否定句的概念加工中也存在著模態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換效應(yīng),而且在模態(tài)語境句的影響下,被試對(duì)否定句的加工是一種即時(shí)、在線的過程,而不是一個(gè)延遲的過程。綜上所述,中國EFL學(xué)習(xí)者在概念加工中進(jìn)行了知覺模擬,并且英語肯定句和否定句的概念加工中都存在模態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換效應(yīng)。
[Abstract]:A large number of studies have shown that in the process of perceptual processing, the conversion of different modes will lead to processing consumption. The theory of perceptual symbols holds that external things are stored in the brain in the form of multimodal perceptual symbols. According to the theory of perceptual symbols, perceptual simulation is the basis of conceptual representation, and the processing of different modes of concepts results in conversion consumption. On the other hand, previous studies on the conceptual processing of negative sentences have proved that negative information is represented by embodied patterns, but there is no evidence that perceptual simulation can affect the processing of negative information. The main research questions are: (1) Does modal transfer effect exist in the conceptual processing of Chinese EFL learners'English affirmative sentences? (2) Does modal transfer effect exist in the conceptual processing of Chinese EFL learners' English negative sentences? (2) Does it exist in the conceptual processing of Chinese EFL learners'English negative sentences? In this study, 20 postgraduates majoring in language and literature in Sichuan Foreign Language College were selected as subjects. The task paradigm of sentence judgment was used to make the subjects judge whether the concepts in the sentences were correctly described or not. EEG data were used to investigate whether there was modal switching effect in the conceptual processing of L2 Kennegatives. The experiment was programmed with E-Prime 2.0 software. Neuroscan 4.5 and Synaps 2 collected and recorded the EEG data produced in the experiment. Then the EEG data were analyzed offline and the results were input into SPSS19.0 statistical software for statistical analysis. The experimental results are as follows: (1) In the processing of English affirmative sentences, there is no significant difference between the response time (t = - 0.186, P = 0.8550.05) and the accuracy (t = 0.000, P = 1.0000.05) of the subjects under the condition of modal consistency and inconsistency. The results show that modal inconsistencies induce P200 (t = - 3.551, P = 0.0010.05) with larger amplitude and N400 (t = - 2.053, P = 0.0420.05) with longer latency than modal inconsistencies. This indicates that EFL learners in China need to pay more attention to second language conceptual processing on the basis of perceptual experience. In addition, this study also found that modal congruence induced a larger N100 amplitude (t = - 2.920, P = 0.0040.05) than modal inconsistency, indicating that different modal perceptual stimuli induced different ERP modulation effects. (2) In the processing of English negative sentences, behavioral data showed that subjects with modal congruence and inconsistency had different ERP modulation effects. There was no significant difference in response time (t = 1.308, P = 0.2090.05) of the target (3) sentence, but the accuracy of the subjects under modal inconsistency was significantly lower than that under modal consistency (t = 2.364, P = 0.0310.05), indicating that contextual sentences under different modal conditions interfered with the comprehension of the target sentence or the promotion of contextual sentences under consistent modal conditions. Similar to the conceptual processing in affirmative sentences, the EEG data showed that modal inconsistency induced larger P200 amplitude (t = - 4.026, P = 0.0000.05), longer latency (t = - 2.965, P = 0.0040.05) and smaller N100 amplitude (t = - 4.145, P = 0.0000.05) than modal congruence, indicating that No. The addition of definite factors does not affect the conceptual processing of English negative sentences by modal conditions. The effect of modal transformation also exists in the conceptual processing of English negative sentences by Chinese EFL learners. The learners perform perceptual simulation in the process of conceptual processing, and there are modal switching effects in the conceptual processing of English affirmative and negative sentences.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：四川外國語大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：H319.3

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