【摘要】：由于世界經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展和中國"走出去"戰(zhàn)略的實(shí)施,漢語和英語兩種語言之間的對(duì)比研究逐漸增多,對(duì)比的角度更加多元,成果斐然。漢語的"用"是人們常用詞之一,在日常生活用語中占據(jù)重要地位。一般在教學(xué)或者翻譯中,人們習(xí)慣將漢語的"用"和英語的"use"畫上等號(hào),但兩者在詞性和意義的差異會(huì)引起翻譯不對(duì)等現(xiàn)象。本研究從共時(shí)和歷時(shí)的角度,利用國家語委現(xiàn)代平行語料庫和英語國家語料庫(BNC),對(duì)漢語的"用"和英語中的"use"的語法化進(jìn)程進(jìn)行描述性和解釋性研究相結(jié)合,定量研究和定性研究相補(bǔ)充研究以下問題:(1)語法化路徑中漢語"用"和英語"use"不同點(diǎn)是什么?(2)語法化過程中漢語"用"和英語"use"表現(xiàn)的不同點(diǎn)特點(diǎn)有哪些?本研究有以下發(fā)現(xiàn):漢語中的"用"和英語中的"use",在語法化程度上存在差異;漢語的"用"語法化程度高于英語的"use"。具體表現(xiàn)在漢語的"用"具有了介詞詞性及用法,但語法化并不徹底,存在疊用現(xiàn)象,而英語中的"use"表現(xiàn)出固定的動(dòng)詞搭配和固定句型,語義的虛化程度較低。從路徑上看,漢語"用"有一條語法化路徑,即從動(dòng)詞虛化而來;而英語中的"use"卻有兩條:一條動(dòng)詞虛化而來,一條則從名詞虛化而來。漢語"用"和英語"use"在語法化進(jìn)程中表現(xiàn)出不同的特征,漢語"用"表現(xiàn)出等級(jí)性、抽象性、單向性、持續(xù)性等,而英語"use"則表現(xiàn)為抽象形、主體化、持續(xù)性等特征。英語"use"雖然在語法化進(jìn)程中,等級(jí)性表現(xiàn)的不明顯,但是其主體化傾向卻較為明顯;漢語"用"更多地表現(xiàn)為抽象化和持續(xù)性特征�？傊�,本研究從語法化的角度對(duì)比研究了漢語的"用"和英語的"use"以期為類型學(xué)研究添磚加瓦,并豐富對(duì)比語言學(xué)研究的成果。
[Abstract]:Due to the development of the world economy and the implementation of China's "going out" strategy, the comparative study between Chinese and English has gradually increased, and the angle of contrast is more diversified, and the results are remarkable. The Chinese word "use" is one of the common words and plays an important role in daily life. In general, in teaching or translation, people are used to equating the "use" of Chinese and "use" of English, but the differences between them in terms of part of speech and meaning will lead to the phenomenon of non-equivalence in translation. From the synchronic and diachronic point of view, this study combines the descriptive and explanatory studies of the grammaticalization process of "use" in Chinese and "use" in English by using the modern parallel corpus of the National language Commission and the English-speaking National Corpus (BNC),). Quantitative and qualitative studies complement the following questions: (1) what are the differences between "use" in Chinese and "use" in English in the grammaticalization path? (2) what are the differences between "use" in Chinese and "use" in English in the process of grammaticalization? The present study finds that there are differences in grammaticalization between "use" in Chinese and "use" in English, and the grammaticalization of "use" in Chinese is higher than that in "use" in English. The concrete manifestation is that the "use" in Chinese has the preposition and its usage, but the grammaticalization is not thorough, and there exists the phenomenon of overlapping. "use" in English shows fixed verb collocation and fixed sentence pattern, and the semantic nihilization is relatively low. From the point of view of path, there is a grammaticalization path in Chinese "use", that is, it comes from the verbalism of verbs, while "use" in English has two items: one verb comes from nihilization and the other comes from noun nihilization. Chinese "use" and English "use" show different characteristics in the process of grammaticalization. Chinese "use" shows hierarchical, abstract, unidirectional and persistent characteristics, while English "use" shows abstract, subjective, persistent and other characteristics. Although the gradation of English "use" is not obvious in the process of grammaticalization, the tendency of "use" is obvious, and the "use" of Chinese is characterized by abstraction and persistence. In a word, the present study makes a contrastive study of "use" in Chinese and "use" in English from the perspective of grammaticalization in order to contribute to typology and enrich the achievements of contrastive linguistics.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：H146.3;H314.3

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