本文選題：布勒“指示場-指示”理論 + 語篇指示語　； 參考：《吉林大學》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：言語的指示現(xiàn)象存在于人際交際和話語者自我表達的過程中,指示語的使用讓話語更加連貫和更具銜接性。語篇指示現(xiàn)象,是作者和讀者在交際語篇中以話語主體為參照點用詞或短語對存在于語篇內(nèi)或語篇外另一個話語對象進行指向,或者用詞或短語來表明其所在句子和在同一個語篇之內(nèi)的其它言語成分之間的語義或語用關(guān)系。語篇指示的研究涉及語言的分析和描述、語篇語言學、語料庫語言學和對比語言學等領(lǐng)域,具有創(chuàng)造性和挑戰(zhàn)性。同時,也是認知語言學的主要研究對象,因為語篇指示語在指稱過程中涉及話語主體的焦點確定及話語者對信息的認知加工方式。語篇指示語的形成路徑為:現(xiàn)實世界現(xiàn)實表征心理表征語篇表征,這是一個連續(xù)體。因此,在語篇中,話語接收者是否能夠正確辨析指稱對象、將“現(xiàn)實表征”投射到“語篇表征”成為語篇理解成功與否的關(guān)鍵。我們的研究以語篇指示語為研究對象,運用布勒的“指示場-指示”理論和功能、認知語言學的基本觀點,建立起語篇指示語的分類模式,并在此基礎(chǔ)上探討完整的漢、英語篇指示語系統(tǒng),以期對漢、英語篇各類型指示語語義特征、心理距離指示功能、語篇指向功能以及語法化過程的異同進行基于語料庫的系統(tǒng)性統(tǒng)計分析。并進一步探討語篇指示為何可能;指代認知加工怎樣實現(xiàn);漢、英語篇指示語的語法化認知機制是什么等問題。全文共分七章。第一章是序言,主要介紹了本選題的緣起、意義和創(chuàng)新之處;界定了研究對象并對研究問題進行了詳細說明;同時,闡述了本研究的認知語言學基本觀點、語料來源和研究方法,也明確了論文的研究框架。第二章為研究現(xiàn)狀,就以往對指示語和語篇指示語的研究做了較為全面的梳理,查找以往研究的不足,旨在通過評析和前瞻確認本研究的可行性和價值所在。第三章建立指示語和語篇指示語類型的確定標準或依據(jù)。從人類認知特征出發(fā),基于布勒“指示場-指示”的指示原點分布圖,探討了指示語的構(gòu)成和指示成分,旨在對布勒的指示分布坐標進行補充和完善,建立包括“價值/意義”要素在內(nèi)的語篇表征經(jīng)語法化后形成的完整語篇指示語分布坐標,并幫助我們初步歸納得到“情景指示語篇指示虛化鏈接指示”的語篇指示語連續(xù)統(tǒng)。對指示語和語篇指示語類型的確定標準的論述,也構(gòu)成本文漢、英語篇指示語分類設(shè)置、指示和指向功能闡釋、語法化相關(guān)問題分析和基于語料庫的對比統(tǒng)計的基礎(chǔ)。第四章在第三章建立的指示語和語篇指示語類型的確定標準的基礎(chǔ)之上,首先,討論漢、英語篇指示語的五種分類設(shè)置,即人稱性語篇指示語、指示性語篇指示語、空間時向性語篇指示語、情態(tài)附加性語篇指示語及連接性語篇指示語,并基于自建的小型語料庫對漢、英語篇指示語分類模式進行了跨語言對比統(tǒng)計分析,得出漢、英語篇指示語類型在使用規(guī)律上的對比結(jié)果,漢語在語篇中表現(xiàn)為傾向于使用隱性語篇標記,英語則更多使用顯性的語篇標記,這也印證了漢語為意合語言,英語為形合語言的特質(zhì);其次,我們以典型的漢、英語篇指示語為例,從五個層面詳細探討典型漢、英語篇指示語在指示系統(tǒng)中的分布,通過例示分析指出:在實際的語篇中,典型的漢、英語篇指示語“這/那”和“this/that”存在三種指示形態(tài),即“情景指示”、“語篇指示”和“虛化鏈接指示”,且從情景指示到語篇指示再到虛化連接指示是一個連續(xù)統(tǒng),也是指示語所經(jīng)歷的語法化過程,本文的重點研究是語篇指示語,但不能否認情景指示(空間性特征)和虛化鏈接指示(性質(zhì)特征)是指示語研究的來源和語法化后的最終去向,為了指示系統(tǒng)表述的完整性,在這一章中,我們也對情景指示做了簡單描述,至于虛化鏈接指示,會在探討語篇指示語語法化問題的第六章中做以詳述。第五章是對語篇指示語進行深入探討的部分,我們選擇典型的漢、英語篇指示語“這/那”和“this/that”,從語篇心理距離指示和前指、下指的語篇指向兩個功能參數(shù)出發(fā),結(jié)合自建語料庫和大型語料庫,分析漢、英語篇指示語的普遍特征和差異(其間,滲透了對人稱性、指示性、空間時向性和情態(tài)附加性漢、英語篇指示語的具體用法分析)。首先,詳細探討了漢、英語篇指示語“這/那”和“this/that”的語篇心理距離指示功能。我們認為,以話語發(fā)出的主體為參照,通過主體和所指對象之間的“距離”來對遠、近指示語進行選擇。這種“距離”無論是空間的還是時間的,其本質(zhì)都是話主對所指對象的一種心理距離上的認知加工和判斷,受到心理因素影響。簡言之,情感態(tài)度的心理投射就是心理距離指示。語篇心理距離的拉近或推遠存在兩種形式:一種是伴隨性心理距離指示,另一種是凸顯性心理距離指示。研究結(jié)果顯示:語篇指示詞的伴隨性心理距離指示不可避免,它和凸顯性心理距離指示的唯一差別就是程度高低不同;語篇心理距離指示語的使用反映出話語參與者們較深層次的思維活動和情感、心理狀態(tài),受四種因素影響,即注意焦點、社交距離、熟悉程度和情感元素;通過漢英語料對比統(tǒng)計分析可以看到,漢語語言使用者更傾向于使用近指詞語(如“這/這些/這邊/這里”)來縮小人際距離,然而,英語語言使用者更樂于使用遠指指示語(如“that/those/there”)以保護個人私密空間,具有文化內(nèi)涵。其后,詳細探討了漢、英語篇指示語“這/那”和“this/that”前指和下指的語篇指向功能�；谇爸疙椇拖刃许椫g是否是共指關(guān)系,我們可以把前指分成顯性前指和隱性前指兩種。根據(jù)指示現(xiàn)象中前指項所替代的先行詞的認知和句法功能,我們將顯性前指分成三種類型,即名詞性顯性前指、謂詞性顯性前指和小句性顯性前指;依據(jù)前指項和先行項之間的關(guān)系,隱性前指分為三類,即蘊含性隱性前指、聯(lián)想性隱性前指和概括性隱性前指;與前指功能相較,“這/那”和“this/that”的語篇下指用法雖使用頻率不高,但它們?nèi)匀痪哂姓Z篇指向功能并兼具語篇銜接功能。在語篇(特別是文學語篇)的創(chuàng)作中,使用下指,比直接性的描寫更能吸引讀者的注意,具有較高的美學價值,其使用目的是為讀者在心理上營造懸念,激發(fā)閱讀興趣;對比統(tǒng)計分析表明,在語篇前指和下指用法上,漢、英語言間都存在顯著差異。第六章探討漢、英語篇指示語的語法化問題。也就是對語篇指示語經(jīng)過語法化后形成虛化鏈接指示用法的討論(涵蓋了對連接性漢、英語篇指示語的具體用法分析)。提出語篇指示語的語法化或虛化標準;詳細探討代名語篇指示詞和飾名語篇指示詞的語法化。結(jié)果表明:“代名語篇指示詞”語法化為漢語和英語語篇中的鏈接詞、英語語篇中的定語從句和賓語從句標記;“飾名語篇指示詞”能夠語法化為漢、英語篇中不定指標記。同時,它還能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)其他指示語的虛化用法,比如英語中的先行詞,漢語中的定冠詞、定語從句標記、所屬關(guān)系詞、泛指詞和同位共指詞;基于“理想化的認知模式(ICM)”,語篇指示語的語法化機制有:意向圖式、隱喻和轉(zhuǎn)喻。為語篇指示語語法化研究提供了認知理據(jù)。第七章總結(jié)了我們對漢、英語篇指示語的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),對研究問題做出了解讀,并指出本研究的局限性和進一步研究的方向。我們從認知視角出發(fā)對漢、英語篇指示語的研究是基于真實語料數(shù)據(jù)對布勒“指示場-指示”理論的擴展和完善、對指示分類的補充和分析,以及對指示系統(tǒng)的完整闡釋,本研究能夠有效發(fā)掘漢、英語言差異,以及差異形成的認知基礎(chǔ)和理據(jù),有助于更好理解漢、英語篇特征,具有跨文化的借鑒意義,對翻譯理論與實踐、對外漢語教學、英語教學和人工智能科學的研究都具有跨學科的借鑒意義。
[Abstract]:The phenomenon of the instruction of speech exists in the process of interpersonal communication and the self expression of the utterant. The use of deixis makes the discourse more coherent and more cohesive. The semantic or pragmatic relationship between the sentence and other speech components in the same discourse. The study of text instructions involves the analysis and description of language, discourse linguistics, corpus linguistics and contrastive linguistics. It is also creative and challenging. Meanwhile, it is also a cognitive linguistics. The main research object is that the text deixis involves the determination of the focus of the discourse subject and the cognitive processing mode of the discourse in the process of reference. The formation path of the text deixis is that the realistic representation of the real world is a continuum. Therefore, in the discourse, the receiver can correctly identify the discourse receiver. The key to the success of discourse comprehension is the projection of "realistic representation" to "Discourse Representation". To discuss the complete Chinese and English text deixis system, with a view to the systematic statistical analysis of the similarities and differences between Chinese and English textual deixis, psychological distance indicator, text pointing function and grammaticalization process. The text is divided into seven chapters. The first chapter is the preface, which mainly introduces the origin, significance and innovation of this topic; defines the research object and explains the research problems in detail; meanwhile, it expounds the basic viewpoints of the cognitive linguistics, the source of the corpus and the methods of research. The second chapter has made a comprehensive study of the previous research on deixis and textual deixis in order to find out the shortcomings of previous studies and to confirm the feasibility and value of the study in the past. The third chapter establishes the criteria for determining the types of signs and textual deixis. According to the characteristics of human cognition, based on the distribution map of indicator field - indication, the composition and indicator of the deixis are discussed. The purpose is to supplement and perfect the directive distribution coordinates of BLER, and to establish a complete discourse indicator, which is formed by grammaticalization, including the elements of "value / meaning". Cloth coordinates, and help us preliminarily induce the discourse indicative continuum of "situational instructions indicating virtual link instructions". The discussion on the criteria for determining the types of deixis and textual deixis also forms the classification of the Chinese, the instructions and directing functions, the analysis of grammaticalized related problems and the language based on the language. In the fourth chapter, on the basis of the criteria for the determination of the deixis and the types of the deixis in the third chapter, we first discuss the five categories of the deixis in the Han and English texts, namely, the personal textual deixis, the indicative deixis, the spatially directed deixis, the modal additional textual deixis and the deixis. Connective textual deixis, and based on a small corpus of self built small corpus for Chinese and English text deixis classification patterns, a cross language comparative statistical analysis is made to draw a conclusion that the Chinese and English text deixis types are contrasted in the use of the rules. In the text, Chinese tends to use implicit discourse markers, and English uses more explicit discourse. It also confirms the characteristics of Chinese as parataxis and English as a hypotaxis. Secondly, we take the typical Han and English deixis as an example to discuss the distribution of the typical Han and English text deixis in the indicator system from five levels, and point out that in the actual discourse, the typical Chinese and English text indicate "this /" There are three indicative forms of "that" and "this/that", namely, "situational instructions", "text instructions" and "virtual link instructions", and from situational instructions to textual instructions to virtual connection instructions is a continuum, and also a grammaticalization process experienced by deixis. The focus of this paper is textual Deixis, but it can not deny the situation. Directives (spatial characteristics) and virtual link instructions (nature features) are the source and final direction of deixis research and the final direction of grammaticalization. In order to indicate the completeness of the system expression, in this chapter, we have also made a simple description of the situation instructions. As for the virtual link instruction, we will do the sixth chapter in the discussion of the grammaticalization of the discourse indicator. In detail, the fifth chapter is a part of the in-depth discussion of the text deixis. We choose the typical Han, English text deixis "this /" and "this/that", from the psychological distance indicator and the front finger, the lower finger text pointing to two functional parameters, combining the self building corpus and large corpus, analyzing the Chinese and English text deixis. The general characteristics and differences (in the meantime, permeated with personal, indicative, spatial time and modal additions, the specific usage analysis of the deixis in the English text). First, the psychological distance of the discourse "this / that" and "this/that" in the Chinese and English text deixis is discussed in detail. The "distance" between the subject and the object refers to the choice of far and near deixis. The "distance", whether space or time, is the cognitive processing and judgment of the psychological distance of the speaker to the object referred to, and the psychological factors are influenced. In short, the psychological projection of the emotional attitude is the psychological distance. There are two forms of psychological distance in text: one is accompanying psychological distance and the other is the indication of psychological distance. The result of the study shows that the indication of the concomitant psychological distance is unavoidable, and the only difference between it and the psychological distance of the protruding is the difference of degree; The use of physical distance deixis reflects the deeper level of thinking activity and emotion, and the psychological state of the participants is influenced by four factors, namely, attention focus, social distance, familiarity and emotional elements. By comparing Chinese and English materials, Chinese speakers are more inclined to use near finger words (such as this / this) Some / here / here ") to reduce interpersonal distance, however, English language users are more willing to use deixis (such as" that/those/there ") to protect private space and have cultural connotations. We can divide the forefinger into two kinds: the dominant forefinger and the recessive forefinger. According to the cognitive and syntactic functions of the predantal words instead of the forefinger, we divide the dominant forefinger into three types, namely, the predent, the predicate predent, the predicate and the clause. The relationship between the forefinger and the antecedent items is divided into three categories: implicit implicit forefinger, associative recessive forefinger and general recessive forefinger. Compared with the forefinger function, the use of "this / that" and "this/that" is not used frequently, but they still have text pointing function and both text cohesion function. In the creation of text (especially literary text), the use of the lower finger can attract the readers' attention more than the direct description, and has a high aesthetic value. The purpose of it is to create a suspense for the reader and stimulate the reading interest for the reader. The sixth chapter discusses the grammaticalization of the deixis in the Chinese and English texts, namely, the discussion of the grammaticalization of the deixis after the grammaticalization of the textual deixis (covering the specific usage of the connective Han, the specific usage of the deixis in the English text). The grammaticalization of the textual deixis shows that the grammaticalization of the "nominal deixis" is a link word in the Chinese and English discourse, the attributive clause and the object clause in the English text, and the "ornament word deixis" can be grammaticalization to the Chinese and the English text can not be marked. At the same time, it can also realize the virtual use of other deixis. The law, such as the antecedents in English, the definite article in Chinese, the marker of attributive clause, the relation word, the general reference word and the common reference word; based on the "idealized cognitive mode (ICM)", the grammaticalization mechanism of the text deixis is: intentional schema, metaphor and metonymy. The seventh chapter summarizes the theory of the grammaticalization of the text deixis. The study of Chinese and English text deixis has been found to have been found in this study, and the limitations of this study and the direction of further research are pointed out. From the cognitive perspective, the study of Chinese and English text deixis is based on the expansion and improvement of the theory of "instruction field instruction" based on real corpus data. In addition and analysis, as well as a complete interpretation of the indicator system, this study can effectively explore the differences between Chinese and English words, as well as the cognitive basis and motivation of the formation of differences, which will help to better understand the characteristics of the Chinese and English texts, and have a cross-cultural reference, the translation theory and practice, the teaching of Chinese as a foreign language, the teaching of English and the science of artificial intelligence. The study is of interdisciplinary significance.

【學位授予單位】：吉林大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：H15;H315
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本文編號：1871165