本文選題：漢英對比　切入點：線性空間　出處：《北方工業(yè)大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：把任何書籍的漢英兩個版本進行外觀比較,我們都會發(fā)現(xiàn)漢語的版本要比英語的薄。聯(lián)合國所有官方文件的六種語言的不同版本比較起來,漢語的版本總是最薄的。這是一個值得研究的語言現(xiàn)象。目前國內(nèi)外對此研究很少,可供參考的文獻也不多。目前本人所查到的與此有關的文獻只有林汝昌和李曼鈺曾對信息等值的英漢文字材料所占篇幅進行了比較,實驗證明漢字具有高度的可識別性,其所占空間比英文小,信息儲存量大。但是該研究并沒有進一步解釋英漢空間差異的因。目前還沒有查到任何有關漢英文字所占線性空間的對比研究的文獻。從外在的直覺來判斷,一般會認為英語在書寫時,詞與詞之間要留有間隔,因此,英語必定要比漢語占有更大的線性空間。這種認識只是直覺判斷,并沒有從語言研究或者語言類型研究的角度說明這種語言差別的本質(zhì)原因。本論文試圖從定量研究入手測量出漢英在對比的情況下,文字書寫時各自所占的線性空間以及它們的比例。再從理論語言學的角度進一步找出漢英文字書寫時所占線性空間差別的原因。本研究的假設是:漢英兩種語言所占線性空間的差別有兩種原因。其一是由于兩種語言文字不同,英語屬于拼音文字,漢語屬于表意文字;其二是兩種語言類型不同,英語屬于屈折型語言,漢語屬于孤立型語言。本研究分兩步。首先是定量研究,從詞匯、短語、句子、篇章四個層面對漢英兩種語言文字所占線性空間進行對比。然后以對比語言學理論為依據(jù),對兩種語言的差別進行解釋性研究。定量研究選取了 2016年2927個高考必備詞匯,673個短語、100條英語諺語,100個不同類型的句子,40篇不同體裁的篇章進行對比。所選字號漢語為五號宋體,英語為5號Times New Roman;所選頁面顯示比例為100%,單倍行距。本研究采用測量法用直尺對以上4個層面的材料進行漢英文字所占線性空間的測量和對比。結果是:在詞匯層面,至少有56%的英語詞匯所占線性空間大于漢語;在短語層面,有77%的英語詞匯所占線性空間大于漢語;在句子和篇章層面,英語所占線性空間都要長于漢語的。在句子的對比中,每一對漢英文字所占的線性空間的平均比率是1:2.26,在篇章中,每一對篇章所占的比率是1:2.37,同時我們測得每兩個英語詞之間的空格占全部線性空間的14.43%。量化研究的結果是:由于文字類型不同和書寫方式的不同,導致英語在詞匯、短語、句子和篇章等方面所占線性空間都大于漢語。研究的第二步是用對比語言學理論對這兩種語言的差別進行分析。本文從語言類型的角度從以下三個方面對這兩種語言進行對比:1.漢語是意合型語言,英語屬于形合型語言;2.漢語的柔性,英語的剛性;3.漢語重話題突出,與英語重主語突出。理論研究的結果是:1.意合型語言注重從客觀認知上表達和釋義,而形合型語言不僅從客觀認知上表達和闡釋意義,還注重語言表達上的邏輯性,因此導致在表達同一意義時,英語比漢語要用更多的詞匯。2.英語屬于剛性語言,也就是說英語英語句子具有嚴謹?shù)闹髦^結構,主次分明,層次清晰。英語句子除了具有5種基本句型及擴展句型以外,句子的各成分或詞語之間必須保持在時態(tài)、人稱、性、數(shù)及意義方面的一致性,即保持語法一致、意義一致及就近原則。漢語屬于柔性語言,句法結構類型多變,表達方式也非常靈活。這導致在表達同一意義時,英語比漢語要用更多的詞匯的第二個原因。3.漢語這種話題突出型語言,在表達意義時強調(diào)話題,不在意句子的結構,但是英語在絕大多數(shù)情況下,一個句子必須要有主語,如果句子本身沒有明確的主語,英語就要找替代詞。這是導致在表達同一意義時,英語比漢語要用較多詞匯的第三個原因。本研究所得到的結論驗證了假設是正確的。本研究具有理論與實際意義:本研究擴展了漢英對比研究的內(nèi)容和范圍,啟發(fā)更多的學術研究關注漢語的特殊現(xiàn)象,并進行深入的研究;對于語言教學與學習和翻譯都有一定的指導意義。本研究的不足:由于個人能力和時間有限,測量數(shù)據(jù)時會有一些誤差;理論及例證有待進一步補充。后續(xù)研究可以繼續(xù)從語言學角度探究和補充漢英文字線性空間差異的諸多原因。比如,若以萬字語篇為樣本,借助語料庫,進行多維度的窮盡對比,所得出的結論會更準確,更有說服力。
[Abstract]:Any of the books in Chinese and English versions of the two visual comparison, we will find that the Chinese version of English than thin. Compared with different versions of the six languages all the official documents of the United Nations, the Chinese version is always the most thin. This is a study of the language phenomenon. This research at home and abroad rarely, reference is not much. At present I find the related literature only Lin Ruchang and Li Manyu on English and Chinese writing material information equivalent space were compared. The experiment proved that Chinese characters has a high degree of recognition, the space occupied by the ratio of English small and large information capacity. But the study did not further explain the differences of English and Chinese spatial. There is no any English text comparison of linear space for literature. Judging from the external intuition, generally think in English When writing, between the word and the word to leave the interval, therefore, English must occupy more than linear space. Just know Chinese intuition this, did not specify the nature of the reasons for this difference in language from the language research or language research perspective. This paper attempts to start from quantitative research in contrast to the measurement of Chinese English under the condition of linear space when writing the respective reasons and their proportion. The linear space occupied further to find out the difference between Chinese and English writing from the perspective of linguistics theory. The hypothesis of this study is: two languages for linear space difference for two reasons. One is the two the different languages, English is alphabetic writing, Chinese ideographic characters; the second is two different types of languages, English is inflectional language, Chinese is an isolated language. This study is divided into two steps. The first is the quantitative research, from the vocabulary, phrase, sentence, text four aspects of Chinese English two languages for linear space are compared. Then based on contrastive linguistics theory, two kinds of language differences and explanatory research. Quantitative research from 2016 2927 college entrance examination necessary vocabulary, 673 phrases, 100 English proverbs, 100 different types of sentences, 40 different types of text are compared. The font size selected for five Chinese English Arial, No. 5 Times New Roman; the selected page shows the ratio of 100%, single spacing. This research adopts the measurement ruler of the above 4 aspects of the materials in Chinese and English text for measuring and comparing the linear space. The result is: at the lexical level, at least 56% of the English vocabulary for linear space is greater than Chinese; in the phrasal level, there are 77% English vocabulary for Chinese sentences in greater than linear space; And chapter level, English for linear spaces should be longer than Chinese. In the sentence in comparison, the average ratio of linear space each in Chinese and English text for the 1:2.26, in the text, the text of each accounted for the ratio is 1:2.37, at the same time, we measured the quantitative study of English words every two 14.43%. the spaces between the total linear space is the result: due to different types of text and writing in different ways, resulting in the English vocabulary, phrases, sentences and discourse aspects of linear space are greater than Chinese. The second step is analyzed by contrastive linguistics theory of the two language differences in this paper. From the angle of language types from the following three aspects of the two languages comparison: 1. Chinese is parataxis language, English is hypotaxis; 2. Chinese English flexible and rigid; 3. Chinese and English subject prominent topic, process . the results of theory research are: 1. parataxis language to express from the objective cognition and interpretation, and hypotaxis not only from the objective cognitive expression and interpretation of meaning, also pay attention to the logic of language expression, resulting in the expression of the same meaning, English vocabulary to use English more to.2. rigid language than Chinese or English speaking English sentence has a subject predicate structure, rigorous clear, clear hierarchy. In addition to English sentences with 5 basic sentence patterns and extended outside, must remain in the tense, person, between the various components of sentences or words, consistency number and significance, maintain consistent grammar the significance and the principle of proximity, consistent. Chinese belongs to flexible language, syntax and changeable, expression is also very flexible. This resulted in the expression of the same meaning, second reasons why.3 should use English more than Chinese vocabulary Chinese. This topic prominent language, in the expression of meaning emphasizes the topic, do not care about the structure of a sentence in English, but in most cases, a sentence must have a subject, if the sentence itself is not clear, to find alternative English words. This is resulted in the same meaning as English. Than the Chinese to use third reasons more vocabulary. Conclusions of this study are to verify the hypothesis is correct. It has theoretical and practical significance of this study: This study extends the content and scope of contrastive study, inspire more academic research the special phenomenon of Chinese note, and have in-depth study; some guiding significance for language teaching and learning and translation. The shortcomings of this study: due to personal ability and limited time, the measurement data will have some error theory and examples; further follow-up studies following the supplement. This paper further explores and supplements many reasons for the linear spatial difference between Chinese and English from the perspective of linguistics. For example, if we use thousands of character texts as samples, we can make more detailed and convincing comparisons with corpus.

【學位授予單位】：北方工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：H1;H31

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