本文選題：評價理論　切入點：英語政治新聞?wù)Z篇　出處：《中北大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：作為語言學的一個重要分支,語篇分析近年來呈現(xiàn)出朝氣蓬勃、有增無減的態(tài)勢。而韓禮德的系統(tǒng)功能語言學為語篇分析提供了良好的理論基礎(chǔ),成為有關(guān)語篇分析的著作中最常見的一種分析手段。系統(tǒng)功能語言學認為語篇包涵三大元功能,即概念功能,人際功能和語篇功能。評價理論是基于系統(tǒng)功能語言學中人際元功能層面上發(fā)展壯大的新詞匯-語法框架,它主要考察語篇中相互協(xié)作的各種態(tài)度,包括態(tài)度、介入和級差系統(tǒng)。評價理論把人際系統(tǒng)研究從小句層拓展到語篇層,從語法層拓展到語義層,彌補了功能語言學的局限性,成為語篇分析領(lǐng)域中的新生寵兒。評價理論在語篇分析中的應(yīng)用范圍主要涉及對新聞?wù)Z篇、文學語篇、學術(shù)書評、法庭詢問語篇等的分析。其中對政治新聞?wù)Z篇的分析主要涉及評價理論中的介入和級差資源,對態(tài)度資源的分析相對較少,態(tài)度資源的分析多見于災(zāi)難性新聞?wù)Z篇中。筆者認為造成該現(xiàn)象的一個可能的原因是政治新聞報道要求客觀,不能有太多的主觀意見或態(tài)度。然而任何新聞都不可能絕對客觀,因為人們在對新聞進行出版編輯時不可避免的帶有先入為主的觀點。針對這一現(xiàn)象,筆者認為政治新聞?wù)Z篇中的態(tài)度資源分析具有一定的研究價值,可以通過分析其中的態(tài)度資源了解相關(guān)媒體或政府的政治立場,挖掘語篇潛在的意識形態(tài),對政治報道有更深刻的認識。本文從四類知名報刊中(分別是《紐約時報》、《華盛頓郵報》、《衛(wèi)報》和《中國日報》)隨機各選取兩篇對同一事件(安倍擬訪問珍珠港)不同報道的新聞?wù)Z料,對其中的態(tài)度資源做詳細分析并歸納統(tǒng)計,發(fā)現(xiàn)《紐約時報》和《華盛頓郵報》中的鑒賞資源最多,分別為2.18%、2.63%,且多為積極評價;其次為判斷資源,分別為1.85%、2.11%,多為積極的社會約束評價;情感資源最少,分別為0.33%、0.52%。《衛(wèi)報》和《中國日報》中判斷資源最多,分別為1.93%、1.63%,也以社會約束類為主;鑒賞次之,分別為1.52%、1.23%,其中《中國日報》的鑒賞資源最少,為1.23%。所有報道中的情感資源均為三類態(tài)度資源中最少的一部分。從結(jié)果不難發(fā)現(xiàn),美國兩大類報刊對安倍這一行為表現(xiàn)出贊賞的積極態(tài)度,報道中鑒賞均多于判斷,衛(wèi)報和中國日報則對此事件有著較中立的態(tài)度。占比最少的情感資源表明了政治新聞?wù)Z篇的客觀性。分析政治語篇中態(tài)度資源可以幫助人們認識一個機構(gòu)或國家的政治立場,識別其在對待具體事件時是否客觀公正。
[Abstract]:As an important branch of linguistics, discourse analysis has taken on a dynamic and increasing trend in recent years, while Halliday's systemic functional linguistics provides a good theoretical basis for discourse analysis. It is considered by systemic functional linguistics that discourse contains three metafunctions, namely conceptual function. Interpersonal function and textual function. Evaluation theory is a new lexical grammatical framework based on the interpersonal metafunctive level in systemic functional linguistics. It mainly examines the cooperative attitudes, including attitudes, in discourse. The theory of evaluation extends the study of interpersonal system from sentence level to discourse level, from grammatical level to semantic level, which makes up for the limitations of functional linguistics. It has become a new favorite in the field of discourse analysis. The application of evaluation theory in discourse analysis mainly involves news discourses, literary discourses, and academic book reviews. Among them, the analysis of political news discourse mainly involves the intervention and differential resources in evaluation theory, but the analysis of attitude resources is relatively less. The analysis of attitude resources is often found in disastrous news discourses. The author believes that one possible reason for this phenomenon is that political news reports require objectivity and not too many subjective opinions or attitudes. However, no news can be absolutely objective. In view of this phenomenon, the author thinks that the analysis of attitude resources in political news discourse has certain research value. We can find out the political position of the relevant media or government by analyzing the attitude resources, and excavate the potential ideology of the discourse. A deeper understanding of political reporting. This paper randomly selects two of the four well-known newspapers (the New York Times, the Washington Post, the Guardian and the China Daily) to discuss the same event (Abe intends to visit Pearl Harbor). (news data from different reports, Through detailed analysis and statistics of the attitude resources, we find that the appreciation resources in the "New York Times" and the "Washington Post" are the most, 2.18 and 2.63, respectively, and most of them are positive appraisals, followed by judgment resources. They were 1.85 and 2.11, mostly positive social constraint evaluations; the least emotional resources were 0.33 and 0.52 respectively. In the Guardian and the China Daily, the resources for judgment were 1.93 and 1.63, respectively, and were mainly in the category of social constraints; appreciation came second. 1.52 and 1.23 respectively, of which the appreciation resources of the China Daily are the least, 1.23.The emotional resources in all reports are the least of the three types of attitude resources. It is not difficult to find out from the results. The two major categories of newspapers in the United States have shown a positive attitude of praise for Abe's behavior, and in their reports, appreciation is more than judgment. The Guardian and China Daily have a more neutral attitude on the issue. The least proportion of emotional resources show the objectivity of political news discourses. The analysis of attitude resources in political discourse can help people understand the political position of an institution or a country. Identify whether they are objective and impartial in dealing with specific events.
【學位授予單位】：中北大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：H315

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