本文選題：因果連詞　切入點：because　出處：《中南財經(jīng)政法大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：本文基于構(gòu)式語法理論(Construction Grammar,CxG),主要通過文獻閱讀、歸納演義以及語料庫考察等方法,試圖對英語原因連詞because所連接的因果復(fù)句做全面考察,對其主要的句法和語義特征做深入細(xì)致的分析。本文的語料來源主要是大英國家語料庫(British National Corpus,BNC)以及有關(guān)的研究文獻�；贙anetani(2006)對英語因果復(fù)句的分類以及對大英國家語料庫中隨機抽樣的3000條語料的觀察分析,本文將because連接的因果復(fù)句所體現(xiàn)和歸屬的because構(gòu)式分為兩種語義類型:原因義類型和推理義類型。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),原因義類型有四種句法表現(xiàn)形式,分別為[C2 because C1],[C2,because C1],[Because C1C2],[Because C1,C2];推理義類型有一種句法表現(xiàn)形式,為[C2,because C1]。原因義類型表達兩個事件或命題之間的客觀因果關(guān)系,兩者存在內(nèi)在邏輯上的聯(lián)系;推理義類型則表達言者主觀認(rèn)識和判斷的兩個事件或命題之間或所實施的言語行為與某事件或命題之間的關(guān)系。從句法層面對because構(gòu)式的句法分析主要包括時體語態(tài)、情態(tài)、否定、句法功能、分裂結(jié)構(gòu)、名詞化即because of句型等。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),原因義類型與推理義類型在時、體、態(tài)等方面均未表現(xiàn)出明顯對立或區(qū)別傾向,原因義類型中的原因與結(jié)果事件具有時間先后性,而推理義類型則多使用情態(tài)詞來表達言者對兩個事件之間因果聯(lián)系的猜測或推理。否定形式的原因義類型具有歧義,而推理義類型的否定形式無歧義,原因從句的句法位置以及主從句之間逗號有無會影響其語義解讀。在句法功能方面,原因義類型中because的功能等同于附加狀語(adjunct),而推理義類型中because的功能則類似外加狀語(disjunct)。此外,原因義類型的復(fù)句可以轉(zhuǎn)換為分裂句以及because of等句型,而推理義類型的復(fù)句則不能。對語義特征方面的探討主要包括預(yù)設(shè)和斷言、主客觀性、內(nèi)在目的性、because構(gòu)式義類型之間的關(guān)系、Just because X doesn’t mean Y以及because與相關(guān)因果連詞的語義對比等內(nèi)容。研究表明,原因義類型的because構(gòu)式中,主句表達的結(jié)果事件為預(yù)設(shè)信息,是言者和聽者共有的已知信息,而從句表達的原因事件則為斷言性質(zhì),是句子所要傳達的新信息。根據(jù)言語交際的信息傳遞原則,即由已知信息到未知信息傳遞的表達傳遞原則,在原因義類型中,主句在前原因從句在后的結(jié)構(gòu)是最常見、使用最普遍的。與之相反,推理義類型中,主句則為斷言性質(zhì)。研究還發(fā)現(xiàn),原因義類型具有表義客觀性特征,推理義類型具有表義主觀性特征,這一特點歸因于推理義類型中言者主觀判斷因素的介入。此外,because構(gòu)式與目的狀語有時能夠互換,因此具有表義內(nèi)在目的性的特點。分析還表明,原因義類型是because構(gòu)式的核心義,推理義則為邊緣義。兩種義類型之間還存在隱喻性擴展連接的關(guān)系。
[Abstract]:Based on the construction grammar theory, this paper attempts to make a comprehensive study of causal complex sentences connected by English causative conjunctions (because) by means of literature reading, inductive interpretation and corpus investigation. The main syntactic and semantic features are analyzed in detail. The main sources of this study are British National Corpus BNCC (British National Corpus) and related literature. The classification of causality complex sentences in English based on Kanetanig 2006 and the English causality complex sentence in Great Britain. Observation and Analysis of 3000 randomly sampled Corpus, In this paper, the causality complex sentence of because connection is divided into two kinds of semantic types: the type of reason and the type of inference. The study shows that there are four syntactic expressions of the semantic type of reason. They are [C2 because C1], [C2because C1], [Because C1C2], [Because C1C _ 2], respectively. The type of inference denotes the relationship between the two events or propositions of the speaker's subjective cognition and judgment, or between the speech acts performed and a certain event or proposition. The syntactic analysis of because constructions from the syntactic level mainly includes stylistic voice and modality. Negation, syntactic function, split structure, nominalization that is because of sentence pattern, etc. The reason and result events have a time order in the type of cause meaning, while the type of inference meaning uses modal words to express the speaker's guess or inference about the causal relation between the two events. The type of cause meaning of negative form is ambiguous, and the reason meaning type of the negative form is ambiguous, and the reason meaning type of the negative form is ambiguous. However, there is no ambiguity in the negative form of the type of inference meaning, the syntactic position of the reason clause and whether the comma between the main and subordinate sentences will affect its semantic interpretation. The function of because is equivalent to that of adjunct in the type of causative meaning, while the function of because in the type of inference is similar to that of the adjunct. In addition, the complex sentence of the type of reason can be converted into a split sentence and a sentence type such as because of. But the complex sentence of inference type can not. The discussion of semantic feature mainly includes presupposition and assertion, subjective and objective, The relationship between the internal purposeful meaning type and the semantic comparison between because and the related causality conjunctions, such as just because X doesn't mean Y, and so on. The study shows that in the because constructions of causative types, the result events expressed by the main sentence are presupposition information. It is known information shared by both the speaker and the listener, while the reason for clause expression is an assertion and a new message to be conveyed by the sentence. According to the principle of information transmission in verbal communication, That is, the principle of expressing and transferring from known information to unknown information. In the type of reason, the main sentence is the most common and most commonly used in the structure of the preceding clause. The study also finds that the type of reason is objective in meaning, and the type of inference is subjective in meaning. This feature is attributed to the intervention of the subjective judgment factors of the speaker in the type of inference meaning. In addition, because constructions and target adverbials are sometimes interchangeable, they have the characteristic of expressing the inner purpose of meaning. The analysis also shows that the type of cause meaning is the core meaning of the because construction. There is also a metaphorical extension connection between the two semantic types.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中南財經(jīng)政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：H314.3

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