【摘要】：人類使用的語言承載著具體的語義,這種語義因歷史的變遷、地理環(huán)境、文化氛圍的不同而有所差異、有所演變。在認(rèn)知語言學(xué)的語義觀中,一般認(rèn)為語義不能獨立于人這一實體。即語義不是詞匯本身就有的,它基于人對外部客觀世界的感知、認(rèn)知、經(jīng)驗形成,語義不會脫離人的心智過程及實踐活動得到的經(jīng)驗獨立存在。本文將運用認(rèn)知語言學(xué)的相關(guān)理論從人的認(rèn)知心理角度對日語常用多義動詞“さす”進(jìn)行語義分析,研究多義動詞“さす”的多義性及各義項間的認(rèn)知聯(lián)系。本論文的研究將“插入”作為多義動詞“さす”的最初語義,但該語義在使用過程中逐漸被細(xì)化,并且依靠“刺す”“差す”“指す”“c?す”“注す/點す”這些漢字來區(qū)分被細(xì)化后的具體的語義。以上漢字代表的基本意義分別為:“刺す/人為作用力下前端尖銳細(xì)長物體的插入”、“差す/自然而然地進(jìn)入”、“指す/插入物體前的方向指示性”、“c?す/插入的縫隙或容器”、“注す·點す/液體的添加、加入”。以上五個含義再一次被細(xì)化延伸,分別派生出同源同音字“螫す”“射す”“止す”“摉す”“捺す”。動詞“さす”的每個義項具有的基本意義雖然各有側(cè)重、有所不同,但都暗含著“插入”這一具體的原始動作。這說明了作為同源同音動詞所含有的這些義項都是由多義動詞“さす”派生演化而來,且語義都包含著“插入”的模糊語義。在對多義動詞“さす”的語義研究過程中發(fā)現(xiàn),語義范疇的邊界是不明確的,具有模糊性,而且具有向外擴展的開放性。這些特性使得多義動詞“さす”的語義在向外延伸時出現(xiàn)了非范疇化現(xiàn)象,即在原有動詞詞性的基礎(chǔ)上派生出使役助動詞的用法,詞性發(fā)生了轉(zhuǎn)變,具有助動詞詞性這一新的范疇語義,原有動詞范疇語義丟失。因此,多義動詞“さす”的語義研究除外,非范疇化、音變后的使役助動詞“させる”的語義分析也成為本文的研究內(nèi)容。本文將以之前的研究為鑒,證明助動詞“させる”與多義動詞“さす”具有同源性,并從“使役”“尊敬”兩個角度對語義進(jìn)行匯總、分析。
[Abstract]:The language used by human beings carries specific semantics, which vary and evolve with the change of history, geographical environment and cultural atmosphere. In the semantic view of cognitive linguistics, it is generally believed that semantics cannot be independent of human beings. Meaning is not a word itself, it is based on human perception of the external objective world, cognition, the formation of experience, semantics will not be separated from the mental process and the experience gained from the practice of the existence of an independent existence. This paper makes a semantic analysis of the polysemous verb "Xu" in Japanese from the perspective of cognitive psychology by using the related theories of cognitive linguistics, and studies the polysemy of the polysemous verb "Xu" and the cognitive relationship between the various semantic items. In this study, "insert" is regarded as the initial semantics of the polysemous verb "Yu", but it is gradually refined in the process of use and depends on "prick", "difference", "reference", "c?" These Chinese characters are used to distinguish the specific semantics after being refined. The basic meanings of the above Chinese characters are as follows: "insertion of sharp slender objects in front end under artificial force", "differential / natural entry", "indication of direction before insertion", "c?" / insert gap or container "," injection point / liquid addition, add ". The above five meanings have been refined and extended again to derive the homophonic characters "sting", "shooting", "stopping", "repressing" and "repressing" respectively. Although the basic meaning of the verb "Xu" has its own emphasis and difference, it implies the concrete original action of "insert". This shows that the meanings contained in homophonic verbs are derived from the polysemous verb "Xu", and the semantics contain the vague meaning of "insert". In the process of studying the semantics of polysemous verb, it is found that the boundary of semantic category is not clear, fuzzy, and open to the outside. These characteristics make the semantic extension of the polysemous verb "Xu" decategorize, that is, on the basis of the part of speech of the original verb, the usage of the causative auxiliary verb is derived, and the part of speech is changed. It has the new category semantics of the auxiliary verb part of speech and the loss of the original verb category semantics. Therefore, the semantic analysis of the polysemous verb "Xu" is also the research content of this paper, with the exception of the semantic study of the polysemous verb "Xu", which is delisted and the semantic analysis of the causative auxiliary verb "Xu" after the phonological transformation. Based on the previous studies, this paper will prove the homology between the auxiliary verb and the polysemous verb, and summarize and analyze the semantics from the perspectives of "causation" and "respect".
【學(xué)位授予單位】：黑龍江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：H36

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本文編號：2433555