本文選題：氣 + 心　； 參考：《廈門大學》2008年碩士論文

【摘要】： “氣”一詞作為解讀包括中國、朝鮮半島、日本在內(nèi)的東亞地區(qū)思想文化的關(guān)鍵詞之一,早已引起相關(guān)領(lǐng)域研究者的關(guān)注�！皻狻钡恼Z義研究成果為數(shù)不少,但是多局限于字典式的義項羅列,各義項之間的相關(guān)性研究尚未引起足夠重視。此外,在一些“氣”的研究成果中曾提及日語中“氣”與“心”的相似與不同,但是多數(shù)只涉及其中某一方面,是零散的、不完整的。 本文從認知語言學和文化語言學的視角,基于數(shù)據(jù)庫,闡明中日兩國語言中“氣”與“心”的多重語義結(jié)構(gòu);在此基礎(chǔ)上,分別通過“氣”的中日語義對比與“心”的中日語義對比,探討兩國文化方面的異同。此外,力求更加全面的論述日語中“氣”與“心”的不同。 本文按照以下順序進行分析并推導出結(jié)論。 序論中介紹動態(tài)研究狀況,指出當前研究所存在的缺陷,在此基礎(chǔ)上明確研究的目的、意義和方法。 第一章里,首先明確中日兩國語言中“氣”的多重語義。其次,通過隱喻、轉(zhuǎn)喻、提喻這三種比喻手法,將各義項相互關(guān)聯(lián)起來,形成多義網(wǎng)絡(luò)。然后,通過中日語義對比,得知在中日兩國對身體的認識中,“氣”都是很重要的概念,這與現(xiàn)代西方醫(yī)學觀點迥異;此外,日本人在人際交往中,極為在意周圍的人或事物,這是日本人際關(guān)系的特征之一。 在第二章中,首先明確中日兩國語言中“心”的多重語義。然后,通過隱喻、轉(zhuǎn)喻這兩種比喻手法,將各義項相互關(guān)聯(lián)起來,形成多義網(wǎng)絡(luò)。最后,通過中日語義對比,得知與英語相比,中日兩國語言對“心”的生理功能和心理功能認識是高度一致的,即“心”是人體重要器官之一,它不僅是情感作用的主體,亦是思維作用的主體,涵蓋了心理活動的方方面面。 第三章從“情感·理性”、“表象性·根源性”、“活動性·本體性”、“非實體性·實體性”、“現(xiàn)場性·非現(xiàn)場性”、“內(nèi)容性·容器性”六個方面來探明日語中“氣”與“心”的不同。其結(jié)論為:與“心”相比,“氣”側(cè)重于人的情感作用;而“心”雖然也表達情感之義,但是與人的理性思維作用更密切相關(guān)。 通過前三章的分析得出以下結(jié)論:從中日兩國語言中“氣”和“心”的語義結(jié)構(gòu)看,其語義發(fā)展經(jīng)歷了從具體到抽象的過程;而且,通過隱喻、轉(zhuǎn)喻、提喻這三種認知方式,我們可以在各義項間建立相互關(guān)聯(lián),形成語義網(wǎng)絡(luò)。其次,兩國語言中,“氣”的語義和“心”的語義都有很高的相似度,但也存在差異。為何同一個詞在不同國家和民族會產(chǎn)生出不同語義;而且,與之相關(guān)的隱喻和轉(zhuǎn)喻還有多種可能,為何只產(chǎn)生了目前這些義項。鑒于以上事實,筆者認為,在多義詞的產(chǎn)生和演變過程中,基于相似性和相關(guān)性的認知方式,與其說它是造成一詞多義的根本原因,不如說正是它將語義發(fā)展的可能性約束在了一定的框架內(nèi)。
[Abstract]:As one of the key words to interpret the ideology and culture of East Asia, including China, Korean Peninsula and Japan, "Qi" has attracted the attention of researchers in related fields. There are a lot of achievements in semantic research of Qi, but most of them are limited to lexicographic meaning lists, and the research on the correlation between the meanings has not been paid enough attention to. In addition, the similarities and differences between "qi" and "heart" in Japanese have been mentioned in some "Qi" research results, but most of them involve only one aspect, which is fragmented and incomplete. From the perspective of cognitive linguistics and cultural linguistics, this paper, based on database, illustrates the multiple semantic structures of "Qi" and "heart" in Chinese and Japanese languages. Through the comparison of Chinese and Japanese semantics of Qi and that of Xin, this paper discusses the similarities and differences between the two cultures. In addition, I try to discuss the difference between Qi and Heart in Japanese. This paper analyses and deduces the conclusion according to the following order. This paper introduces the dynamic research situation in the preface theory, points out the defects existing in the present research, and makes clear the purpose, significance and method of the research on this basis. In the first chapter, the multiple semantics of Qi in Chinese and Japanese languages are clarified. Secondly, by means of metaphor, metonymy and metonymy, the meanings are related to each other to form a polysemous network. Then, through the semantic comparison between China and Japan, we know that "qi" is a very important concept in the understanding of the body between China and Japan, which is quite different from the view of modern western medicine. In addition, Japanese people are very concerned about the people or things around them in their interpersonal communication. This is one of the characteristics of interpersonal relationships in Japan. In the second chapter, we first clarify the meaning of "heart" in Chinese and Japanese languages. Then, by means of metaphor and metonymy, the meanings are related to each other to form a polysemous network. Finally, through the semantic comparison between China and Japan, we know that the understanding of the physiological and psychological functions of the "heart" is highly consistent with that of English, that is, "the heart" is one of the important organs of the human body, and it is not only the subject of emotional action. It is also the main body of thinking, covering all aspects of psychological activities. The third chapter is from "emotional rationality", "representational origin", "activity ontology", "non-substantive entity", "on-site non-field", There are six aspects of "content container" to find out the difference between "qi" and "heart" in Japanese. The conclusion is as follows: compared with "heart", Qi focuses on the emotional role of human beings, while "heart" also expresses the meaning of emotion, but it is more closely related to the rational thinking function of human beings. Through the analysis of the first three chapters, the following conclusions are drawn: from the perspective of the semantic structure of Qi and Heart in the Chinese and Japanese languages, their semantic development has experienced a process from concrete to abstract; moreover, through metaphor, metonymy, and metonymy, the three cognitive styles of metaphor, metonymy and metonymy are discussed. We can form semantic network by establishing interrelation among the meanings. Secondly, the semantics of Qi and Heart have high similarity, but there are also differences between the two languages. Why does the same word produce different semantics in different countries and nations; moreover, there are many possibilities for metaphor and metonymy related to it, and why only the current meanings are produced. In view of the above facts, the author believes that the cognitive style based on similarity and relevance is not so much the root cause of polysemy in the process of the emergence and evolution of polysemous words. Rather, it restricts the possibility of semantic development within a certain framework.
【學位授予單位】：廈門大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2008
【分類號】：H36

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本文編號：2107376