本文選題：動(dòng)量詞 + 形態(tài)位置�。� 參考：《上海外國語大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：量詞長期以來一直受到日語學(xué)界的關(guān)注，但是人們普遍把焦點(diǎn)集中在名量詞的研究上，動(dòng)量詞的使用和研究一直未引起人們的足夠重視。中文將量詞分為名量詞（或者是計(jì)量具體事物的物量詞）和動(dòng)量詞（計(jì)量動(dòng)作事件的量詞），但在日語中，量詞的下位分類中卻不存在“動(dòng)量詞”這一說法。然而在日語的實(shí)際使用中，卻經(jīng)常能看到譬如「一口食べる）」「一回りする」等和漢語動(dòng)量詞幾乎可以完全對(duì)應(yīng)的用法。另外，中文中還經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)如“打三下”，“喝四口”的復(fù)數(shù)表現(xiàn)，但是日語中這樣的用法卻很少見。為何同樣意義的數(shù)量表現(xiàn)其動(dòng)詞、數(shù)詞和動(dòng)量詞的搭配卻存在如此差異呢？這其中是否有一定規(guī)律可循呢？筆者以為，諸如以上關(guān)于日語動(dòng)量詞的疑問有一定值得深入探討的價(jià)值。因此，本文從出處、動(dòng)量詞在文中的出現(xiàn)位置和形態(tài)及其語法功能等側(cè)面對(duì)日語動(dòng)量詞進(jìn)行了考察，以求找出日語動(dòng)量詞的特征。 從出處來看，在專用動(dòng)量詞方面，中日動(dòng)量詞的專用動(dòng)量詞的主要構(gòu)成大體一致，主要由“回”“度”“遍”等詞構(gòu)成。而在借用動(dòng)量詞方面，主要來自借自名詞和借自動(dòng)詞連用形的兩類動(dòng)量詞。 其次，在句中的使用形態(tài)來看，借自名詞的借用動(dòng)量詞和借自動(dòng)詞連用形的在句中的使用形態(tài)都很豐富，一般都和數(shù)詞搭配使用，但是，常用且符合動(dòng)量詞用法的使用形態(tài)在借自名詞的動(dòng)量詞中僅有“一+借自名詞動(dòng)量詞+動(dòng)詞”“一+借自名詞動(dòng)量詞+する”兩種；借自動(dòng)詞連用形的形態(tài)中僅有“一+動(dòng)詞連用形+動(dòng)詞”“一+動(dòng)詞連用形+する”兩種格式。從在句子中的位置來看，日語動(dòng)量詞可分為出現(xiàn)在動(dòng)詞前和直接充當(dāng)謂語的兩種情況。 此外，本文對(duì)借用動(dòng)量詞在句子中的分布情況也進(jìn)行了一定分析。借用動(dòng)量詞經(jīng)常用于「一＋R盞鬧龏^＋R諍^」和「一＋R盞鬧龏^＋する」兩種格式中，但是，，借用動(dòng)量詞在這兩種格式中的分布比例卻并不完全一致，從考察結(jié)果來看，借用動(dòng)量詞更容易出現(xiàn)在「一＋R盞鬧龏^＋R諍^」這類格式中。 最后，本文還對(duì)借用動(dòng)量詞和數(shù)詞、動(dòng)詞的搭配關(guān)系進(jìn)行了考察。在「Ｎ＋R盞鬧龏^＋する」和「Ｎ＋R盞鬧龏^＋R諍^」兩種格式中數(shù)詞的使用受到了嚴(yán)格的限制，一般情況下都僅限于“一”。不過，在「Ｎ＋R盞鬧龏^＋R諍^」中，數(shù)詞所受的限制相對(duì)較小。兩種格式都有復(fù)數(shù)數(shù)詞和借用動(dòng)量詞搭配的例子，但數(shù)量相對(duì)較少。而在和動(dòng)詞的搭配方面，借自名詞的動(dòng)量詞在和動(dòng)詞搭配時(shí)，傾向于與各類借用動(dòng)量詞在意義上有緊密聯(lián)系的一類動(dòng)詞搭配，而借自動(dòng)詞連用形的動(dòng)量詞則更傾向于和含有非持續(xù)意義的動(dòng)詞搭配。
[Abstract]:Quantifiers have been paid much attention by Japanese scholars for a long time, but people generally focus on the study of nominal-quantifiers, and the use and research of momentum words have not been paid enough attention to. In Chinese, quantifiers are divided into nominal classifiers (or object quantifiers for measuring specific things) and momentum words (quantifiers for measuring action events). However, in Japanese, there is no such expression as "verb quantifier" in the lower classification of quantifiers. However, in the practical use of Japanese, it is often found that the Chinese quantifiers, such as "one mouthful", "one time" and "one time", can almost completely correspond to Chinese verb quantifiers. In addition, plural expressions such as "three strokes" and "four mouthfuls" often appear in Chinese, but they are rarely used in Japanese. Why is there such a difference in the collocation of verbs, numerals and momentum words in the same meaning? Is there a certain rule to follow? The author thinks that, for example, the above questions about Japanese momentum words are worthy of further discussion. Therefore, this paper makes an investigation of the Japanese verb quantifiers from the origin, the appearance position, the morphology and the grammatical function of the momentum words in the text, in order to find out the features of the Japanese momentum words. From the source, the main components of the special momentum words of the Chinese and Japanese momentum words are basically the same, which are mainly composed of the words "Hui" du "everywhere" and so on. In the aspect of borrowing variable quantifier, it mainly comes from two kinds of verb quantifiers: borrowing nouns and borrowing automatic words. Secondly, in the form of use in the sentence, the use form of the borrowed momentum word from the noun and the form of the borrowing automatic word in the sentence are very rich, they are generally used with numerals, but, There are only two kinds of "one verb borrowed from noun" and "one borrowed noun momentum word". There are only two forms of "one verb" and "one verb" in the form of "one verb". From the position in the sentence, the Japanese quantifier can be divided into two situations, which appear before the verb and serve as the predicate directly. In addition, the distribution of borrowed momentum words in sentences is also analyzed. Borrowed quantifiers are often used in "one + R"? "+ R" and "one + R"? However, the distribution ratio of the borrowed momentum words in these two formats is not exactly the same. From the results of the investigation, the borrowed variable quantifiers are more likely to appear in the "one + R" pattern. In such forms as + R debate ^. Finally, the collocation of verbs and numerals is investigated. In "N + R"? "and" N + R "? The use of numerals in the two formats is strictly restricted and is generally limited to "one". But in "N + R"? In + R, numerals are relatively limited. Both formats have examples of plural numerals and borrowing quantifiers, but the number is relatively small. However, in the collocation of verbs, the momentum words borrowed from nouns tend to collocate with a class of verbs which are closely related to each other in the sense of borrowed momentum words. The verb quantifier with the form of automatic words is more inclined to collocate with the verb with non-lasting meaning.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海外國語大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：H36

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 方寅;;也談動(dòng)量詞的語義特征[J];安慶師范學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)(社會(huì)科學(xué)版);2008年08期

2 李曉蓉;淺議動(dòng)量短語的前置現(xiàn)象[J];漢語學(xué)習(xí);1995年02期

3 倪春元，徐乃為;數(shù)動(dòng)量詞組語法功能補(bǔ)說[J];南京師大學(xué)報(bào)(社會(huì)科學(xué)版);1995年03期

4 崔];中日兩語量詞用法分析[J];外語學(xué)刊(黑龍江大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào));1991年01期

5 崔];;中日兩國語言中的量詞[J];日語學(xué)習(xí)與研究;1989年06期

6 李慶祥;;日語助詞數(shù)詞論考[J];日語學(xué)習(xí)與研究;1993年02期

7 崔];助數(shù)詞的下位分類及用法區(qū)別[J];日語學(xué)習(xí)與研究;1996年01期

8 劉街生;蔡聞?wù)?;現(xiàn)代漢語動(dòng)量詞的借用[J];世界漢語教學(xué);2004年03期

9 方寅;張成福;;動(dòng)詞與動(dòng)量詞搭配規(guī)律的認(rèn)知分析[J];徐州師范大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(哲學(xué)社會(huì)科學(xué)版);2007年02期

10 邵敬敏;;動(dòng)量詞的語義分析及其與動(dòng)詞的選擇關(guān)系[J];中國語文;1996年02期

本文編號(hào)：1974791