發(fā)布時間：2018-01-01 22:12

  本文關(guān)鍵詞：中俄外交部新聞發(fā)言人言語行為對比研究　出處：《北京外國語大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 外交部新聞發(fā)言人 機構(gòu)語境 言語行為 施為動詞

【摘要】：新聞發(fā)布會是各種社會組織和個人傳播信息的媒介,也是大眾傳媒的一大信息來源。外交部新聞發(fā)布會作為國際社會了解一國政策立場的重要窗口而備受關(guān)主。外交部新聞發(fā)言人通過定期召開發(fā)布會向國際社會傳達自己國家對某個問題的立場和看法,承擔(dān)著捍衛(wèi)國家利益、引導(dǎo)國際輿論、塑造國家良好形象的重要責(zé)任。新聞發(fā)言人回答記者提問極具挑戰(zhàn)性：一方面發(fā)言人要明確表達自己國家對某個問題的立場,另一方面又要考慮好表達的方式,確�；卮疬m度得體。 目前我國學(xué)者從語用學(xué)角度對我國外交部新聞發(fā)布會話語的研究多集中在發(fā)言人的某一個具體的言語行為或某一語用策略上,缺少對機構(gòu)語境、制度化因素如何制約言語行為的系統(tǒng)研究。同時,雖然目前我國有學(xué)者對中美外交部新聞發(fā)言人的語用策略進行了對比研究,但是中俄外交部新聞發(fā)布會話語的對比研究暫時還是空白。 鑒于上述研究現(xiàn)狀,本論文選擇中俄外交部新聞發(fā)布會話語為對象,用語用分析的方法對發(fā)言人的言語行為進行對比研究。本論文以機構(gòu)語境和言語行為理論為理論支撐,探討機構(gòu)語境對中俄外交部新聞發(fā)言人實施的言語行為的制約和影響,分析中俄外交部新聞發(fā)言人實施的言語行為類型的差異和共性。 本論文具有一定的創(chuàng)新意義。首先,本論文總結(jié)出外交部新聞發(fā)布會的機構(gòu)語境制約言語行為的條件,一定程度上深化了機構(gòu)語境的理論。其次,本論文揭示了機構(gòu)話語言語主體的身份、角色與言語行為的關(guān)系。第三,本論文確定了中俄外交部新聞發(fā)言人的典型的言語行為結(jié)構(gòu)和類型。第四,對中俄外交部新聞發(fā)言人的言語行為進行了對比分析,填補了中俄外交言語行為對比研究的空白。 本論文具有一定的理論價值和實踐意義。本論文將語用分析的方法與機構(gòu)話語理論相結(jié)合,通過對近五年的中俄外交部新聞發(fā)言人言語行為的量化統(tǒng)計和對比分析,證明了機構(gòu)的制度化對言語行為的約束遠遠強于語言個性和言語個性。這一結(jié)論一定程度上深化了機構(gòu)話語的理論。同時,在我國中央和地方各級政府部門都在建立、健全新聞發(fā)言人制度的條件下,本論文的結(jié)論可提供語言學(xué)和語用學(xué)的參照。 本論文的研究方法是描寫法、語用分析法、定性和定量分析相結(jié)合的方法。 本論文由引言、正文三章、結(jié)論和參考文獻組成。 引言指出了論文的選題依據(jù)、創(chuàng)新意義、理論價值、實踐價值、研究方法,對語料來源做了說明。第一章對本論文的理論基礎(chǔ)——言語行為理論和機構(gòu)話語的研究史進行了簡要的回顧。第二章詳細分析了外交部新聞發(fā)布會的機構(gòu)語境,提出了它對言語行為的五個方面的限制條件。第三章對近三年的中國、俄羅斯外交部新聞發(fā)言人的言語行為進行了統(tǒng)計、定量分析、言語行為類型分析、語用策略分析。對兩國外交部新聞發(fā)言人言語行為進行了對比研究。結(jié)論部分概括本論文的研究成果。 本論文的研究成果主要有： 一、外交部新聞發(fā)布會是典型的機構(gòu)語境,它由一系列的限制性條件組成。本文提出了五個限制條件,包括：言語主體的身份、話語角色的限制；場合的限制；話語程序的規(guī)定性；主題內(nèi)容的限制以及言語組織的規(guī)定性。 二、外交部新聞發(fā)言人主要實施直接言語行為,這與包括外交部新聞發(fā)布會在內(nèi)的外交話語的交際目的直接相關(guān)——國家立場、觀點的表達要清楚、明白、準確,體現(xiàn)交際意圖的言語行為要明確。 三、某種言語行為類型的使用率與機構(gòu)代表的話語權(quán)直接相關(guān)。呼吁、主張、建議以及由心智動詞做謂語的一系列表態(tài)言語行為在中俄兩國新聞發(fā)言人話語中大量使用,可以說,呼吁、主張、建議和表態(tài)都是主權(quán)國家所擁有的話語權(quán)。 四、間接言語行為的研究顯示,機構(gòu)代表的語用策略不僅僅是出于一般的會話原則(合作原則、禮貌原則)的考慮,也有機構(gòu)規(guī)則的考慮。 五、中俄兩國外交新聞發(fā)言人的施為話語的量化特征、言語行為類型特征、語用策略均表現(xiàn)出共性大于差別,這進一步證明了外交機構(gòu)的制度化對言語行為的約束遠遠強于語言個性和言語個性。
[Abstract]:The press conference is all kinds of social organizations and individuals in the information transmission media, a major source of information is an important window of mass media. The press conference the Ministry of foreign affairs as the international community to understand a country's policy stance has been closed. The main spokesman of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs issued through regular meetings will convey their national positions and views on an issue to the international society, undertake to defend national interests, guide the international public opinion, an important responsibility to shape the good image of the country. The news spokesman answered reporters' questions challenging: on the one hand the spokesman made clear their national position on a problem, on the other hand, consider ways of expression, be sure to respond to moderation.
At present our country scholars from the pragmatic perspective on China's Foreign Ministry press conference discourse focused on the spokesman for a specific speech act or a pragmatic strategy, the lack of institutional context, study how to institutional factors restricting speech acts. At the same time, although the pragmatic strategies of Chinese scholars on China Foreign Ministry spokesman has conducted the contrast research, but the comparative study of Sino Russian Foreign Ministry press conference discourse temporarily or blank.
In view of the present research, this paper choose the Russian Foreign Ministry press conference discourse as the research object, makes a comparative study of language with the method for analysis of the spokesman of the speech act. The institutional context and speech act theory, to explore the mechanism of restriction and influence of context on the Russian Foreign Ministry spokesman said the implementation of the speech act, analysis Russian Foreign Ministry spokesman and the common implementation of the speech act type differences.
It has certain significance in this paper. Firstly, this paper summarizes the press conference of the Ministry of foreign affairs of the organization and context of speech act, which deepen institutional context theory. Secondly, this paper reveals the mechanism of language language identity, relationship between the role and the speech act. Third, this paper determined the Russian Foreign Ministry spokesman of the typical speech act types and structure. In fourth, the speech act of Russian Foreign Ministry spokesman are compared, to fill gaps in the comparative study of the speech act of Russian diplomacy.
Has a certain theoretical value and practical significance of this paper. The method and mechanism of the combination of pragmatic analysis of discourse theory, through statistical and comparative analysis on nearly five years of Sino Russian Foreign Ministry spokesman speech act, that system of speech is far stronger than the constraint language character and speech personality. This conclusion has deepened the institutional discourse theory. At the same time, in China's central and local governments at all levels in the establishment of sound, the news spokesman system under the condition of the conclusion of this paper can provide the reference to Linguistics and pragmatics.
The methods of research in this paper are descriptive, pragmatic and qualitative and quantitative analysis.
This paper consists of introduction, three chapters, conclusions and references.
The preface points out the topic basis, innovation significance, theoretical value, practical value, research methods, the data sources are described. In the first chapter, the theoretical basis of this thesis, the research history of speech act theory and institutional discourse is briefly reviewed. The second chapter detailed analysis of the press conference of the Ministry of foreign affairs of the organization context. It puts forward the restriction of the five aspects of the speech act. In the third chapter, in the past three years China, quantitative analysis of the statistics, the speech act of spokesman of the Ministry of foreign affairs of Russia, analysis the type of speech act, analysis of diplomatic strategy of language. A spokesman for the Ministry of speech act was studied. Research conclusion part of this paper.
The main research results in this paper are as follows:
A press conference, the Ministry of foreign affairs is a typical organization context, which is composed of a series of restrictive conditions. This paper puts forward five conditions, including: the speech subject identity, discourse role restrictions; occasion restrictions; rules of discourse procedure; subject content restrictions and regulations of the organization of speech.
Two, the Ministry of foreign affairs spokesperson mainly implements direct speech act, which is directly related to the communicative purpose of Diplomatic Discourse, including the press conference of the Ministry of foreign affairs. The position of the state should be clear, clear and accurate, and the speech act to convey communicative intentions should be clear.
Three, some types of speech acts and the use rate of agency on behalf of the right of discourse. Directly related calls, claims, and suggestions from a series of mental verbs as predicate position of speech acts used in the two countries, the speech can be said that the appeal claims, advice and position are sovereign states have the right to speak.
Four, indirect speech act research shows that the pragmatic strategies of institutional representatives are not only considered by general conversational principles (cooperative principle, politeness principle), but also by institutional rules.
Five, the quantitative characteristics of Diplomatic Discourse, the types of speech acts, and the pragmatic strategies of Chinese and Russian diplomatic spokesmen show similarities and differences. This further proves that the institutionalization of diplomatic institutions is much more restrained than speech personality and speech personality.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京外國語大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：H136;H35

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