【摘要】：心理使役動(dòng)詞在英漢語言中廣泛存在,因其語義、句法的特殊性以及它與說話者情感狀態(tài)緊密相關(guān),引起了國內(nèi)外學(xué)者的普遍關(guān)注與研究。本文基于語料實(shí)例,從認(rèn)知語言學(xué)視角下的圖形背景理論對英漢心理使役動(dòng)詞從形態(tài)學(xué)和句法學(xué)兩個(gè)方面進(jìn)行對比,旨在歸納總結(jié)英漢心理使役動(dòng)詞的異同之處。在梳理前期中外心理使役動(dòng)詞的研究理論之后,文章在主體部分,即第四章從形態(tài)學(xué)和句法學(xué)兩個(gè)層面進(jìn)行對比。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),首先在形態(tài)學(xué)方面,就英漢心理使役動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成來看,普遍存在三種構(gòu)詞方式:使役詞匯化、使役同形轉(zhuǎn)換以及復(fù)合使役。通過在COCA和CCL語料庫的實(shí)例搜索,作者發(fā)現(xiàn)英語心理使役動(dòng)詞主要由使役詞匯化和使役同形轉(zhuǎn)換構(gòu)成,缺失復(fù)合使役,然而在漢語心理使役動(dòng)詞中,主要是由使役同形轉(zhuǎn)換以及復(fù)合使役構(gòu)成,缺失使役詞匯化。在此現(xiàn)象的基礎(chǔ)上,作者嘗試運(yùn)用圖形背景理論進(jìn)行解釋這一現(xiàn)象的原因。作者認(rèn)為在英漢心理使役動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成中,尤其在英語的使役詞匯化和漢語的復(fù)合使役中,圖形背景現(xiàn)象普遍,而且在這兩項(xiàng)中,詞根是圖形,詞綴是背景,換而言之,引起心理狀態(tài)的部分是背景,表示心理狀態(tài)的詞是圖形。因?yàn)樵谶@類詞中,決定他們意思的是詞根,具有決定性作用,符合人們認(rèn)知方式。其次,在句法學(xué)方面,英漢心理使役動(dòng)詞在句法上的比較首先考慮的是句子主語和賓語的選擇,英漢語關(guān)于這一點(diǎn)基本保持一致,認(rèn)為在使役心理動(dòng)詞句中,主語既可以是使役動(dòng)作或行為的發(fā)出者,也可以是導(dǎo)致賓語產(chǎn)生某種心理變化的主要原因。賓語是動(dòng)作或者行為的真正發(fā)出者,是使役心理動(dòng)詞使用成立的必要條件,所以賓語既是主語作用的對象,是結(jié)果的發(fā)出者,大部分賓語都是和人或者人相關(guān)的事物。另一方面,文章從句子結(jié)構(gòu)探討英漢心理使役動(dòng)詞。作者歸納總結(jié)發(fā)現(xiàn),漢語常用的關(guān)于心理使役動(dòng)詞的句型:NP1+VP+NP2,NP2+很+VP以及漢語所特有的"把"和"被"句型。英語常見的關(guān)于心理使役動(dòng)詞的句型有NP1+VP+NP2,NP1+VP+P+NP2和NP2+VP。文章更嘗試運(yùn)用Talmy的圖形背景理論的因果原則、依存原則和時(shí)序原則對英漢語中共存的NP1+VP+NP2句式進(jìn)行分析。因?yàn)樾睦硎挂蹌?dòng)詞存在邏輯上的因果關(guān)系,結(jié)合圖形背景的觀點(diǎn)可以看出,NP1是背景,NP2是圖形。文章從詞素和句法層面分析了英漢心理使役動(dòng)詞之后,歸納總結(jié)出英漢心理使役動(dòng)詞總體來說差異性大于相似性。這是因?yàn)樾睦硎挂蹌?dòng)詞和語言使用者的主觀程度,對世界的認(rèn)知以及民族習(xí)慣緊密相關(guān)。首先在詞素層面,英語心理使役動(dòng)詞主要是由詞匯化形成,而漢語則是通過迂回使役結(jié)構(gòu)來表達(dá)。在句法層面,除了英漢兩種共有的表達(dá)方式:迂回使役結(jié)構(gòu)以及NP1+VP+NP2之外,漢語擁有更多的句式表達(dá)。
[Abstract]:Psychological causative verbs exist widely in English and Chinese. Because of their semantic, syntactic particularity and their close relationship with the emotional state of the speaker, psychological causative verbs have attracted the attention and research of scholars both at home and abroad. Based on corpus examples, this paper contrasts the morphological and syntactic aspects of psychological causative verbs in English and Chinese from the perspective of cognitive linguistics, in order to sum up the similarities and differences between English and Chinese psychological causative verbs. After combing the previous theories of psychological causative verbs in China and abroad, this paper compares them in the main part, that is, the fourth chapter, from the two aspects of morphology and syntax. The results show that, first of all, in terms of morphology, there are generally three forms of word-formation in English and Chinese psychological causative verbs: causative lexicalization, causative homomorphic transformation and compound causation. Through a case study of COCA and CCL corpus, the author finds that English psychological causative verbs are mainly composed of causative lexicalization and causative homomorphism, and lack of compound causation, but in Chinese psychological causative verbs. It is mainly composed of congenial transformation and compound causation, and the absence of causative lexicalization. On the basis of this phenomenon, the author tries to explain the reason of this phenomenon by using graphic background theory. The author holds that in the formation of psychological causative verbs in English and Chinese, especially in the lexicalization of English and Chinese, the phenomenon of graphic background is common, and in these two terms, the root is a figure, and the affix is the background. The part that causes the state of mind is the background, and the word for the state of mind is the figure. Because in this kind of words, it is the root that determines their meaning, which is decisive and accords with the way people perceive it. Secondly, in syntactic aspect, the syntactic comparison between English and Chinese psychological causative verbs is mainly concerned with the choice of sentence subject and object. Subject can be not only the issuer of causative action or behavior, but also the main cause of the psychological change of object. Object is the real issuer of action or behavior and the necessary condition for the use of mental verbs. So the object is not only the object of the subject but also the issuer of the result most of the objects are related to people or people. On the other hand, this paper discusses English and Chinese psychological causative verbs from sentence structure. The author sums up and finds that NP1 VP NP2,NP2 is very VP and the special sentence patterns of "Ba" and "be" in Chinese. The common sentence patterns of mental causative verbs in English are NP1 VP NP2,NP1 VP P NP2 and NP2 VP. The paper also tries to analyze the coexistence of NP1 VP NP2 sentence patterns in English and Chinese by using the causality principle, dependency principle and temporal principle of Talmy's graphic background theory. Because psychological causality exists in logic, we can see that NP1 is the background and NP2 is the graph. This paper analyzes the psychological causative verbs in English and Chinese from the morpheme and syntactic levels, and concludes that the differences of the psychological causative verbs in English and Chinese are greater than the similarities in general. This is because the subjective degree of psychological causative verbs and language users, cognition of the world and national habits are closely related. First of all, at morpheme level, English psychological causative verbs are mainly formed by lexicalization, while Chinese is expressed through circuitous causative structures. At the syntactic level, there are more syntactic expressions in Chinese than in English and Chinese: circuitous causative structure and NP1 VP NP2.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：H146.2;H314.2

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