【摘要】：苦難是文學(xué)永恒的主題之一,兒童小說創(chuàng)作有著優(yōu)良的現(xiàn)實(shí)主義傳統(tǒng),兒童文學(xué)作家們對(duì)苦難的關(guān)注一向都有很強(qiáng)的自覺性。但由于特殊的時(shí)代背景,新時(shí)期之前的兒童小說苦難書寫主要是借用兒童弱勢(shì)群體的身份,對(duì)社會(huì)、政治、歷史進(jìn)行控訴和反思,題材較單一。進(jìn)入新時(shí)期,隨著社會(huì)的穩(wěn)定發(fā)展和兒童文學(xué)觀念的轉(zhuǎn)變,兒童小說中依然不乏對(duì)政治、歷史反思的苦難書寫,但更多的苦難書寫是關(guān)注兒童日常生活困境和情感精神上的痛苦。新時(shí)期文學(xué)研究對(duì)苦難主題的關(guān)注度一直很高,可對(duì)兒童小說中苦難主題的研究并不多。其主要原因是兒童小說中苦難和成長(zhǎng)永遠(yuǎn)相伴隨,作家們書寫苦難,其目的是借助苦難凸顯兒童成長(zhǎng)之路的艱辛。因此在多數(shù)研究文章中,苦難主題只是成長(zhǎng)主題下一個(gè)不可缺少的因素,很少有人將它單獨(dú)拎出來研究。然而事實(shí)上,對(duì)于苦難主題的書寫,不僅反映出兒童小說作家的創(chuàng)作觀念以及對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)兒童生命生存的理解與期望,也暴露出新時(shí)期兒童小說創(chuàng)作中存在的某些弊端。對(duì)于兒童小說苦難主題的研究還需要進(jìn)一步挖掘。緒論部分就苦難的內(nèi)涵以及兒童、兒童小說等概念進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單闡釋,對(duì)中國兒童小說中的苦難書寫流變進(jìn)行了梳理,分析了當(dāng)下兒童小說苦難書寫的研究現(xiàn)狀,從而闡明了新時(shí)期兒童小說苦難書寫的研究意義。正文主要分為三個(gè)部分:第一章主要分析新時(shí)期兒童小說中苦難書寫的成因與類型。苦難的時(shí)代性、兒童文學(xué)創(chuàng)作觀念的轉(zhuǎn)變以及兒童自身成長(zhǎng)特點(diǎn)是新時(shí)期兒童小說中苦難書寫的主要成因。基于上述原因歸納出兒童小說中的苦難主要有三種類型,它包括:自然災(zāi)害和人為性災(zāi)難等歷史苦難,展現(xiàn)兒童日常生活中遭遇的物質(zhì)匱乏、家庭變故、學(xué)校教育弊端的現(xiàn)實(shí)苦難,表現(xiàn)兒童個(gè)體生命自身存在的身體缺陷、情感困惑、精神上的困囿等成長(zhǎng)苦難。兒童小說中往往是多個(gè)苦難交加在一起書寫,文本中的兒童經(jīng)歷一個(gè)又一個(gè)苦難的磨礪之后,獲得新生。第二章集中論述新時(shí)期兒童小說中苦難書寫的救贖方式。依據(jù)兒童身份的特殊性,作家們提供的救贖方式主要分為個(gè)人救贖和來自外部力量的引導(dǎo)兩種方式。個(gè)人救贖主要分析面對(duì)苦難兒童會(huì)勇敢的挑戰(zhàn)苦難實(shí)現(xiàn)自我救贖,探討小說中的人物又是如何采取消極抗?fàn)幍姆绞揭愿鞣N手段逃避苦難,從而獲得暫時(shí)的解脫。除此之外,兒童也會(huì)借助大自然的撫慰、引路人的幫助、文學(xué)藝術(shù)的熏陶等外部力量的引導(dǎo),戰(zhàn)勝苦難,實(shí)現(xiàn)救贖。第三章闡述了新時(shí)期兒童小說中苦難書寫的意義和局限。聯(lián)系作品分析兒童小說苦難書寫對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)中兒童生存處境的真實(shí)反映;經(jīng)過探析兒童小說敘述中苦難的根源,分析兒童小說中苦難書寫對(duì)人文關(guān)懷的彰顯。同時(shí)探討了由于成人的介入導(dǎo)致兒童小說中的苦難書寫存在成人主觀化書寫和過度宣揚(yáng)苦難的局限與不足之處。結(jié)語部分對(duì)全文進(jìn)行概述、總結(jié),進(jìn)一步分析了兒童小說苦難書寫的可能性及其意義。
[Abstract]:Suffering is one of the eternal themes of literature. Children's novels have a fine tradition of realism. Children's writers always have a strong consciousness of paying attention to suffering. However, due to the special background of the times, the writing of children's novels before the new period mainly borrows the identity of children's disadvantaged groups, to society, politics and history. In the new era, with the steady development of society and the change of children's literary concept, there are still many writings about political and historical reflections in children's novels, but more writings about suffering are concerned about the plight of children's daily life and emotional and spiritual pain. The main reason is that hardship and growth are always accompanied in children's novels. Writers write about hardship. Their purpose is to highlight the hardship of children's growth through hardship. Therefore, in most research articles, the theme of hardship is only the next indispensable theme. In fact, the writing of the theme of suffering not only reflects the creative concept of children's fiction writers and their understanding and expectation of the existence of real children, but also reveals some drawbacks in children's novels in the new era. In the introduction part, the author briefly explains the connotation of suffering and the concepts of children and children's novels, combs the evolution of the writing of suffering in Chinese children's novels, analyzes the current research situation of the writing of suffering in children's novels, and thus clarifies the research significance of the writing of suffering in children's novels in the new period. The article is divided into three parts: The first chapter mainly analyzes the causes and types of suffering writing in children's novels in the new period. The times of suffering, the change of children's literary creation ideas and the characteristics of children's own growth are the main causes of suffering writing in children's novels in the new period. There are three types, including: natural disasters and man-made disasters and other historical hardships, showing children's daily life suffered from material shortage, family changes, the actual suffering of the abuses of school education, showing children's individual life itself physical defects, emotional confusion, spiritual dilemma and other growth hardships. The second chapter focuses on the ways of redemption in children's novels in the new era. According to the particularity of children's identity, the ways of redemption provided by writers are divided into two parts: individual redemption and guidance from external forces. Personal Redemption mainly analyzes how the characters in the novel escape from the suffering by various means in a passive way, so as to obtain temporary relief. In addition, the children also resort to the comfort of nature, the help of guides and the edification of literature and art. Chapter Three expounds the significance and limitations of the writing of suffering in children's novels in the new period, analyzes the true reflection of the writing of suffering to the living conditions of children in reality, explores the causes of suffering in children's novels, and analyzes the writing of suffering in children's novels. At the same time, it discusses the limitations and shortcomings of adult subjective writing and excessive advocacy of suffering in children's novels caused by adult intervention.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江蘇師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：I207.8

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本文編號(hào)：2215318