本文選題：第二人稱代詞 + 指稱義��； 參考：《河南大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：指示語(yǔ)是重要的語(yǔ)言單位,在日常交際中扮演著重要的角色。相對(duì)于其他詞類,指示語(yǔ)的用法是相對(duì)穩(wěn)定的,原因就是指示語(yǔ)屬于封閉詞類, 詞義變化非常緩慢而且用法也相對(duì)固定。在實(shí)際交際中,人稱代詞系統(tǒng)豐富多變,指稱范圍也并非像描述的那樣涇渭分明,人稱代詞與其指稱對(duì)象之間常常存在不對(duì)稱的現(xiàn)象,特別是第二人稱代詞。相較于第一人稱和第三人稱代詞,第二人稱代詞在形式上具有獨(dú)特的詞形變化,而且在語(yǔ)義上除了指稱聽(tīng)話人,也可以指稱第一人稱,第三人稱和不定指稱等。英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法學(xué)界對(duì)you的指稱意義研究比較深入、全面,但大部分學(xué)者大都是把這些不同的指稱義孤立看作是you的不同用法。但是同一個(gè)you為什么能指稱不同的人呢?這些不同的指稱義之間有無(wú)聯(lián)系呢?這些都未引起語(yǔ)言學(xué)界足夠的重視。本文以認(rèn)知語(yǔ)法理論為指導(dǎo),采用定性與定量相結(jié)合的研究方法,廣泛搜集you的使用例子,在對(duì)英語(yǔ)第二人稱代詞you的句法結(jié)構(gòu)和語(yǔ)義功能特征詳細(xì)描寫的基礎(chǔ)上,深入探討you的指稱義概念化的認(rèn)知理?yè)?jù),對(duì)you的句法結(jié)構(gòu)特征和語(yǔ)義功能之間的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系作出合理的解釋。通過(guò)對(duì)第二人稱代詞you的句法描寫以及它的不同指稱義的認(rèn)知?jiǎng)右蚍治鲋?我們發(fā)現(xiàn)在語(yǔ)言層面上,使用第二人稱來(lái)指代其他人稱時(shí),說(shuō)話者把第二人稱指代的各個(gè)不同的言語(yǔ)事件的參加者置于臺(tái)上作為特定的實(shí)體被客觀化,并且成為關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)。因此,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)第二人稱代詞you的使用基本認(rèn)知特征為凸顯言語(yǔ)事件的參加者,是對(duì)參加者的客觀化。在理論層面上,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)人們?cè)诮浑H過(guò)程中,大腦的認(rèn)知活動(dòng)及認(rèn)知規(guī)律受到語(yǔ)用因素的制約,比如,我們用第二人稱代詞you指稱其他人稱時(shí)需要考慮到語(yǔ)境、語(yǔ)用表達(dá)效果、語(yǔ)用目的等,從而才能在實(shí)際交際過(guò)程中正確的理解各個(gè)人稱代詞所指稱的確切對(duì)象,從而避免歧義。因此,在對(duì)人稱代詞的指稱義進(jìn)行認(rèn)知分析時(shí)必須要結(jié)合語(yǔ)用因素才能給出全面的解釋。這項(xiàng)研究為英語(yǔ)人稱代詞的研究提供了一種新的思路。
[Abstract]:Deixis is an important language unit and plays an important role in daily communication. Relative to other parts of speech, the use of deixis is relatively stable, because deixis belong to closed parts of speech, meaning changes very slowly and usage is relatively fixed. In practical communication, personal pronouns are rich and changeable, and the range of reference is not as clear as described. There is often asymmetry between personal pronouns and their referential objects, especially the second person pronoun. Compared with the first person and the third person pronouns, the second person pronoun has a unique morphological change in form, and it can refer to the first person, the third person and the indefinite reference in semantic terms, in addition to referring to the hearer. The research on the referential meaning of you in English grammar is thorough and comprehensive, but most scholars regard these different referential meanings as the different usage of you. But why can the same you refer to different people? Is there any connection between these different meanings? None of this has attracted enough attention from the linguists. Under the guidance of cognitive grammar theory, this paper adopts a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods to collect widely examples of the use of you, on the basis of a detailed description of the syntactic structure and semantic functional features of the second person pronoun you. This paper probes into the cognitive motivation of conceptualization of you's referential meaning and gives a reasonable explanation of the corresponding relationship between the syntactic structure characteristics and semantic functions of you. By analyzing the syntactic description of the second person pronoun you and its different referential meanings, we find that at the linguistic level, the second person is used to refer to others. The speaker places the participants of the different speech events referred to by the second person on the stage as a specific entity and becomes the focus of attention. Therefore, we find that the basic cognitive feature of the second person pronoun you is the objectification of the participants who highlight the speech events. At the theoretical level, we find that in the process of communication, the cognitive activities and the rules of cognition of the brain are restricted by pragmatic factors. For example, when we use the second person pronoun you to refer to others, we need to take into account the context and the effect of pragmatic expression. In order to correctly understand the exact objects referred to by personal pronouns in practical communication, pragmatic purposes can avoid ambiguity. Therefore, in the cognitive analysis of the referential meaning of personal pronouns, pragmatic factors must be combined in order to give a comprehensive explanation. This study provides a new approach to the study of English personal pronouns.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：H314

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