本文選題：上海第二次工業(yè)改組 + 工業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整　； 參考：《上海社會科學(xué)院》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：近代上海是作為全國的多功能經(jīng)濟中心,無論是在金融業(yè)、工業(yè)、商業(yè)、貿(mào)易,還是交通運輸業(yè)領(lǐng)域都占有首屈一指的地位,但是由于租界的長期存在,上海的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展也存在許多結(jié)構(gòu)性的失衡。上海解放后,在新中國逐步建立全國一盤棋的經(jīng)濟建設(shè)中,經(jīng)濟領(lǐng)域的結(jié)構(gòu)性調(diào)整已成為政府亟待解決的問題。建國初期,上海的三次工業(yè)改組就是在這樣的背景下進行的。上海工業(yè)發(fā)展的主要問題首先表現(xiàn)在生產(chǎn)生活資料的輕紡工業(yè)與生產(chǎn)生產(chǎn)資料的制造工業(yè)明顯比重相差太大,輕紡工業(yè)所占比重過高,尤其是在物資供應(yīng)相對匱乏的五十年代,無法調(diào)動足夠的力量來供應(yīng)上海的輕紡工業(yè)的生產(chǎn);其次工業(yè)企業(yè)規(guī)模過小也是上海工業(yè)發(fā)展的痼疾,上海急需在公私合營之后通過工業(yè)企業(yè)的裁并、重組,建立穩(wěn)定的生產(chǎn)能力;再次建國后上海除了小部分的外國資本家或者官僚資本投資的少數(shù)大廠之外,絕大多數(shù)的工廠設(shè)備陳舊、技術(shù)落后,上海需要通過技術(shù)革命,提高生產(chǎn)率。在1956年《論十大關(guān)系》發(fā)表之后,以上海為代表的沿海地區(qū)的發(fā)展被中央提上了日程,不僅是上海自身需要對其產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展?fàn)顩r進行調(diào)整改變之前的"失衡"狀態(tài),全國對上海的"期望"也日益提升,希望上海發(fā)揮自身的工業(yè)基礎(chǔ),帶動全國的工業(yè)發(fā)展,在這種情況下上海開展了全方位的工業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整。上海進行工業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整的主要方式是對工業(yè)企業(yè)進行全方位的改組,改變之前的工業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu),使之適應(yīng)上海自身發(fā)展的需要,同時帶動全國工業(yè)發(fā)展。上海建國之后大規(guī)模的工業(yè)改組總共進行了三次,分別為第一次工業(yè)改組(1956-1957年)、第二次工業(yè)改組(1958-1960年)和第三次工業(yè)改組(1962-1965年),這幾次工業(yè)改組是由政府指導(dǎo)的自上而下的改革,是上海工業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整的三次嘗試,工業(yè)改組根本上改變了上海失衡的工業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu),為其成為"工業(yè)基地"和"科學(xué)技術(shù)基地"奠定了基礎(chǔ)。其中第二次工業(yè)改組是在第一次工業(yè)改組建立上海完整的工業(yè)管理系統(tǒng)的基礎(chǔ)上進行的,并且配合了行政區(qū)劃的變遷、"高精尖"工業(yè)方針的提出,在"大躍進"的復(fù)雜環(huán)境中完成了上海工業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的巨大轉(zhuǎn)型,奠定了上海當(dāng)代工業(yè)布局的雛形,是三次工業(yè)改組中最具有研究價值的一次改組,也是本文討論的主要內(nèi)容。在之后六十年代末的第三次工業(yè)改組是在第二次工業(yè)改組的基礎(chǔ)上進行的調(diào)整和收縮,上海的基本工業(yè)發(fā)展方向沒有變化。就上海本身而言,第二次工業(yè)改組也是影響上海城市發(fā)展的重大調(diào)整,第二次工業(yè)改組大規(guī)模的企業(yè)裁并改組雖只有半年的時間,但是在改組的過程中,上海整合了自身的工業(yè)發(fā)展?jié)摿?為行政區(qū)劃調(diào)整、工業(yè)區(qū)以及衛(wèi)星城的擴建提供了產(chǎn)業(yè)基礎(chǔ),同時通過建立骨干企業(yè)打造了一批有生產(chǎn)能力的大廠,在工業(yè)改組的過程中,發(fā)展"高、精、尖"產(chǎn)業(yè),建設(shè)兩個基地成為上海工業(yè)發(fā)展的新方向。本文系統(tǒng)研究了第二次工業(yè)改組的工作準(zhǔn)備、具體實施以及其導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果,并對改組過程中管理體制進行了專門探討。本文以未被發(fā)掘過的檔案資料、報刊資料為基礎(chǔ),從公私合營后的新工業(yè)方針以及第一次工業(yè)改組切入,剖析上海的工業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)問題,詳細論述了第二工業(yè)改組的過程、影響、體制改革等,對第二次改組與工業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整的關(guān)系進行系統(tǒng)的分析與論述。上海工業(yè)方針的變動不管是"緊縮"還是"發(fā)展","擴建"還是"新建"都是緊緊跟隨國家工業(yè)發(fā)展的整體發(fā)展需要,奉行"全國一盤棋"的方針,在全國現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)起步階段扮演了重要角色。上海第二次工業(yè)改組為國家戰(zhàn)略與地方經(jīng)驗關(guān)系的研究與探討,提供了非常好的案例,也是我們研究當(dāng)代經(jīng)濟史應(yīng)該重視的研究視角。
[Abstract]:Modern Shanghai is the multi-functional economic center of the whole country. It occupies the first position in the fields of financial, industrial, commercial, trade, transportation and transportation. But because of the long-term existence of the concession, there are many structural imbalances in the economic development of Shanghai. After the liberation of Shanghai, the whole country is gradually set up in the new China. In the economic construction, the structural adjustment of the economic field has become an urgent problem for the government. In the early period of the founding of the people's Republic of China, the three industrial reorganization of Shanghai was carried out in this context. The main problem of the industrial development of Shanghai is the difference in the proportion of the manufacturing industry of the light textile industry and the production and production data of the production and living materials. Too large, the proportion of the light textile industry is too high, especially in 50s, which is relatively deficient in the supply of materials. It is impossible to mobilize enough power to supply the production of the textile industry in Shanghai. Secondly, the small scale of industrial enterprises is the chronic disease of Shanghai industry, and Shanghai is in urgent need of the restructuring and establishment of the industrial enterprise after the joint operation of public and private enterprises. In addition to the small number of foreign capitalists or bureaucratic capital invested by a small number of large factories in Shanghai after the founding of the people's Republic of China, the vast majority of the factory equipment is obsolete, the technology is backward, and the Shanghai needs to improve the productivity through the technological revolution. In 1956, the development of the coastal areas, represented by Shanghai after the "Ten Relations", was developed. The Central Committee has put on the agenda, not only the "unbalanced" state before Shanghai itself needs to adjust and change its industrial development, and the national "expectation" of Shanghai is also increasing. It is hoped that Shanghai will give full play to its industrial base and promote the industrial development of the whole country. In this situation, Shanghai has carried out a full range of industrial structural adjustment. Shanghai is going to advance in this situation. The main way to adjust the industrial structure is to restructure the industrial enterprises in all directions, to change the industrial structure before it can adapt to the needs of Shanghai's own development and to promote the national industrial development. After the founding of Shanghai, the large-scale industrial reorganization has been carried out three times, divided into the first industrial reorganization (1956-1957 years), and second times. The industrial restructuring (1958-1960 years) and the third industrial restructuring (1962-1965 years) are the top-down reforms directed by the government and the three attempt at the adjustment of the industrial structure in Shanghai. The industrial restructuring has fundamentally changed the industrial structure of the unbalanced Shanghai and laid the foundation for its "industrial base" and "scientific and technological base". The second industrial restructuring was carried out on the basis of the first industrial reorganization and the establishment of a complete industrial management system in Shanghai, and with the change of the administrative division. The "high and sharp" industrial policy was put forward and the huge transformation of the industrial structure of Shanghai was completed in the complex environment of "great leap forward", and the prototype of the contemporary industrial layout of Shanghai was laid. It is the most valuable restructure in the three industrial reorganization and the main content of this article. The third industrial restructuring at the end of the 60s was adjusted and contracted on the basis of the second industrial restructuring, and the basic industrial development direction of Shanghai was not changed. As for Shanghai itself, the second industrial restructuring was also It is a major adjustment that affects the development of Shanghai city. Although the second industrial restructuring is only half a year, in the process of restructuring, Shanghai has integrated its own industrial development potential, providing the industrial basis for the adjustment of administrative divisions, the expansion of the industrial area and the satellite city, and the establishment of a backbone enterprise. In the process of industrial restructuring, a number of large factories with productive capacity have been developed, and the development of "high, fine, sharp" industries and the construction of two bases have become the new direction of industrial development in Shanghai. This paper systematically studied the work preparation, concrete implementation and results of the second industrial restructuring, and made a special discussion on the management system in the process of reorganizing. Based on the unexplored archives and newspapers and periodicals, this paper analyzes the industrial structure of Shanghai from the new industrial policy and the first industrial reorganization after the joint public and private joint venture, and discusses in detail the process, influence and system reform of the second industrial restructuring, and systematically divides the relationship between the second restructures and the industrial structure adjustment. The changes in the industrial policy of Shanghai, whether it is "tightening" or "development", "expansion" or "new", are both closely following the overall development needs of the national industrial development, pursuing the policy of "whole country chess" and playing an important role in the initial stage of the national modernization construction. The second industrial restructuring of Shanghai is a national strategy and a local economy. The research and discussion of the test relationship provides a very good case and a research perspective that we should pay attention to in the study of contemporary economic history.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海社會科學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：K29
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本文編號：1921330