本文選題：明清時期 + 關(guān)中�。� 參考：《西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：關(guān)中地區(qū)是中國傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)區(qū),其農(nóng)業(yè)歷史悠久,在中國農(nóng)業(yè)史上占有重要地位。作為關(guān)中農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)、思想的傳播載體,關(guān)中農(nóng)書具有非常重要的利用與研究價值。關(guān)中地區(qū)悠久的農(nóng)業(yè)歷史孕育了多部農(nóng)書,到了明清中國地域性農(nóng)書創(chuàng)作的繁盛時期,關(guān)中農(nóng)書的發(fā)展更是達(dá)到了其高峰階段。文章通過對關(guān)中農(nóng)書概況、農(nóng)書繁榮的背景、農(nóng)書的技術(shù)體系和思想體系的研究,大致描繪出明清時期關(guān)中農(nóng)書的基本脈絡(luò),并對其特點和價值進(jìn)行總結(jié)評述。從農(nóng)書概況上來看,關(guān)中農(nóng)書的發(fā)展可以分為明清以前和明清時期,與明清之前關(guān)中農(nóng)書相比,明清關(guān)中農(nóng)書創(chuàng)作繁榮,地域文化脫離國家文化獨(dú)立發(fā)展,農(nóng)書呈現(xiàn)出明顯的地域性特色。農(nóng)書的創(chuàng)作時間、分布地區(qū)都有明顯的特點。此外明清時期由于出版印刷業(yè)的發(fā)展以及距今時間較近的特點,農(nóng)書多有版本流傳至今。從農(nóng)書繁榮的背景來看,這一時期關(guān)中農(nóng)書的繁榮與大一統(tǒng)國家的建立、國家專制的加強(qiáng)、社會經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展以及自然災(zāi)害有著密切關(guān)系,農(nóng)書創(chuàng)作主體對農(nóng)書創(chuàng)作也有明顯影響。社會經(jīng)濟(jì)、思想文化、自然災(zāi)害等共同作用,成就了關(guān)中農(nóng)書的繁榮。在農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)體系方面,明清關(guān)中農(nóng)書不僅是北方旱作農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)的總結(jié),也結(jié)合了關(guān)中地區(qū)氣候、土壤、水文等環(huán)境因素。所反映的農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)主要包括:土地耕作技術(shù)、作物栽培技術(shù)、農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)工具、水利工程建設(shè)。其中王徵通過學(xué)習(xí)西方機(jī)械力學(xué)思想,制作的機(jī)械農(nóng)具別具意義。復(fù)種、輪作、間種、區(qū)田等土地利用技術(shù)繼續(xù)發(fā)展、糞壤、儲藏利用等技術(shù)也有所進(jìn)步。這一時期的關(guān)中水利,則是在關(guān)中水旱分布不均與明清旱災(zāi)頻發(fā)的背景下,向小型化、井利化發(fā)展,起到了改善關(guān)中農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)條件的作用。在農(nóng)業(yè)思想體系方面,明清關(guān)中農(nóng)書在中國傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)思想的基礎(chǔ)上,向縱深發(fā)展,農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營管理思想得到發(fā)展。楊\~結(jié)合中國傳統(tǒng)“三才論”、元?dú)庹摗⑽逍欣碚摰绒r(nóng)業(yè)哲學(xué)思想,提出“新五行”思想,對土壤肥力、循環(huán)理論等也有了系統(tǒng)的認(rèn)識。楊秀元《農(nóng)言著實》是有關(guān)農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營思想的著作,不僅對雇工管理與生產(chǎn)效率提高有系統(tǒng)而獨(dú)到的認(rèn)識,且為當(dāng)?shù)剞r(nóng)戶提供了借鑒,有一定實踐價值。研究明清時期關(guān)中農(nóng)書,對其中的技術(shù)、思想進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)化總結(jié),揭示其特點,并對明清關(guān)中農(nóng)書在農(nóng)業(yè)教育、社會影響等方面的價值進(jìn)行分析,對這些農(nóng)業(yè)文化遺產(chǎn)的研究和利用,是農(nóng)業(yè)歷史研究的重要部分。研究明清關(guān)中農(nóng)書不僅能夠繼續(xù)完善和推進(jìn)現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)綜合體系的形成發(fā)展,推動生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)和廣義農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展,也指導(dǎo)農(nóng)業(yè)政策的制定,具有重要的現(xiàn)實意義。
[Abstract]:Guanzhong area is a traditional agricultural area in China, which has a long history of agriculture and plays an important role in the history of Chinese agriculture. As the spreading carrier of Guanzhong agricultural technology and thought, Guanzhong Agricultural Book has very important use and research value. The long history of agriculture in Guanzhong gave birth to many agricultural books, and the development of Guanzhong Agricultural Books reached its peak stage in the prosperous period of the creation of regional agricultural books in Ming and Qing dynasties. Through the research on the general situation of the agricultural books in Guanzhong, the background of the prosperity of the agricultural books, the technical system and the ideological system of the agricultural books, this paper roughly describes the basic context of the agricultural books in the Ming and Qing dynasties, and summarizes the characteristics and values of the agricultural books. In view of the general situation of agricultural books, the development of Guanzhong Peasant Books can be divided into the Ming and Qing dynasties and the Ming and Qing dynasties, compared with the Ming and Qing dynasties, the creation of the agricultural books in the Ming and Qing dynasties is prosperous, and the regional culture develops independently from the national culture. Agricultural books show obvious regional characteristics. The time and distribution of the creation of agricultural books have obvious characteristics. In addition, due to the development of publishing and printing industry in the Ming and Qing dynasties and its recent characteristics, most of the agricultural books have been handed down to this day. From the background of the prosperity of agricultural books, the prosperity of agricultural books in Guanzhong during this period is closely related to the establishment of a unified country, the strengthening of state autocracy, the development of social economy and natural disasters, and the main body of the creation of agricultural books also has an obvious influence on the creation of agricultural books. Social economy, ideology and culture, natural disasters and other common effects, the achievement of the prosperity of Guanzhong Peasant Book. In the aspect of agricultural technology system, it is not only a summary of dry farming techniques in northern China, but also a combination of climate, soil, hydrology and other environmental factors. The agricultural techniques reflected mainly include: land cultivation technology, crop cultivation technology, agricultural production tools, water conservancy project construction. Wang Zheng through the study of Western mechanical thought, the production of mechanical farming tools of significance. Land use techniques, such as multiple cropping, crop rotation, intercropping, and regional land use, have continued to develop, as well as faecal soil, storage and utilization technologies. Under the background of uneven distribution of water and drought in Guanzhong and frequent drought in Ming and Qing dynasties, Guanzhong water conservancy in this period developed to miniaturization and benefit, and played an important role in improving the agricultural production conditions in Guanzhong. In the aspect of agricultural thought system, on the basis of Chinese traditional agricultural thought, the agricultural management and management thought of agricultural management has been developed. In combination with traditional Chinese agricultural philosophy, such as "three talents", "Yuan Qi" and "five elements" theory, Yang put forward the thought of "new five elements", which also has a systematic understanding of soil fertility and circulation theory. Yang Xiuyuan is a book about the thought of agricultural management, which not only has a systematic and unique understanding of the management of hired workers and the improvement of production efficiency, but also provides a reference for local farmers and has certain practical value. This paper studies the agricultural books of Guanzhong in the Ming and Qing dynasties, systematically summarizes the techniques and ideas therein, reveals its characteristics, and analyzes the value of the agricultural books in the agricultural education and social impact in the Ming and Qing dynasties. The research and utilization of these agricultural cultural heritage is an important part of agricultural history research. The study of agricultural books in Guanzhong of Ming and Qing dynasties can not only improve and promote the formation and development of modern agricultural comprehensive system, promote the development of ecological agriculture and broad agriculture, but also guide the formulation of agricultural policies, which is of great practical significance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：K248;S-09

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