本文選題：頓悟 + 記憶優(yōu)勢效應(yīng)��； 參考：《河北大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：頓悟的記憶優(yōu)勢效應(yīng)是指頓悟問題相對于非頓悟問題能夠成產(chǎn)生更強(qiáng)的記憶。Auble等人(1979)首次通過誘發(fā)頓悟的方式驗(yàn)證了頓悟?qū)τ洃浀脑鰪?qiáng)作用,并提出頓悟記憶優(yōu)勢效應(yīng)的概念。然而,這種效應(yīng)是否在錯(cuò)誤記憶中依然存在?其認(rèn)知機(jī)制是什么?目前還缺乏研究。基于此,本研究設(shè)計(jì)了三個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn),從頓悟“啊哈”體驗(yàn)以及頓悟與非頓悟加工過程的本質(zhì)差異這兩方面進(jìn)行考察。實(shí)驗(yàn)一考察頓悟的記憶優(yōu)勢效應(yīng)在錯(cuò)誤記憶中是否依然存在。被試為30名大學(xué)生,實(shí)驗(yàn)分為兩個(gè)階段,第一階段為問題解決。要求被試解決中文遠(yuǎn)距離聯(lián)想題目(CRAT)并對成功解決問題做頓悟與否的主觀判斷,第二階段以頓悟/非頓悟解決的CRAT答案為關(guān)鍵誘餌,編制DRM列表,要求被試依次學(xué)習(xí)列表中的詞語。依次完成各列表詞語的學(xué)習(xí)后進(jìn)入測試階段,對學(xué)習(xí)階段未出現(xiàn)過的關(guān)鍵誘餌、學(xué)習(xí)列表詞、無關(guān)詞進(jìn)行再認(rèn)測驗(yàn)。考察頓悟和非頓悟解決下關(guān)鍵誘餌、無關(guān)詞的錯(cuò)誤再認(rèn)率及“R/K”比例。實(shí)驗(yàn)二考察錯(cuò)誤記憶的編碼階段學(xué)習(xí)詞的呈現(xiàn)方式對于該效應(yīng)的影響。被試為31名大學(xué)生,實(shí)驗(yàn)流程與實(shí)驗(yàn)一基本相同,但DRM列表詞采用隨機(jī)呈現(xiàn)的方式�？疾祛D悟和非頓悟解決下關(guān)鍵誘餌、無關(guān)詞的錯(cuò)誤再認(rèn)率及“R/K”比例。實(shí)驗(yàn)三考察錯(cuò)誤記憶的提取階段預(yù)警提示對于該效應(yīng)的影響。被試為36名大學(xué)生,與實(shí)驗(yàn)一區(qū)別是在DRM列表詞的學(xué)習(xí)之前加入預(yù)警提示,并通過關(guān)鍵誘餌、無關(guān)詞的錯(cuò)誤再認(rèn)及“R/K”判斷來探討頓悟重構(gòu)過程產(chǎn)生的預(yù)警作用在該優(yōu)勢效應(yīng)中的體現(xiàn)。實(shí)驗(yàn)一結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn):頓悟在錯(cuò)誤記憶中存在加工優(yōu)勢效應(yīng),表現(xiàn)為頓悟答案詞作為錯(cuò)誤記憶關(guān)鍵誘餌、頓悟搜索詞作為錯(cuò)誤記憶無關(guān)詞相較于非頓悟條件其錯(cuò)誤再認(rèn)率更低;實(shí)驗(yàn)二錯(cuò)誤記憶編碼階段弱化關(guān)鍵誘餌連續(xù)激活后,頓悟依然表現(xiàn)出優(yōu)勢效應(yīng),并且頓悟關(guān)鍵信息錯(cuò)誤再認(rèn)細(xì)節(jié)降低;實(shí)驗(yàn)三發(fā)現(xiàn),錯(cuò)誤記憶提取階段加入預(yù)警提示后,頓悟和非頓悟的關(guān)鍵誘餌、無關(guān)詞錯(cuò)誤再認(rèn)率無顯著差異,頓悟記憶優(yōu)勢效應(yīng)消失。
[Abstract]:The memory advantage effect of epiphany refers to the fact that the epiphany problem can produce stronger memory than the non-epiphany problem. In 1979) the enhancement effect of epiphany on memory was verified by inducing epiphany for the first time, and the concept of epiphany memory advantage effect was put forward. But is this effect still present in false memories? What is its cognitive mechanism? There is still a lack of research. Based on this, three experiments were designed to investigate the "aha" experience and the essential difference between the process of epiphany and non-epiphany. Experiment one examines whether the memory advantage effect of epiphany still exists in false memory. The experiment is divided into two stages, the first stage is problem solving. The subjects were asked to solve the problem of remote association between Chinese and Chinese and to make a subjective judgment on whether or not to make an epiphany on successful problem-solving. In the second stage, the key bait was the CRAT answer of the epiphany / non-epiphany solution, and the DRM list was compiled. The subjects were asked to learn the words in the list in turn. The key decoys, the list words and the irrelevant words, which have not appeared in the learning stage, are tested for recognition after completing the study of each list word in turn. This paper investigates the key decoys under the solution of epiphany and non-epiphany, the error recognition rate of irrelevant words and the ratio of "R / P K". Experiment two examines the effect of the presentation of learning words in the coding stage of false memory on this effect. The experimental procedure was the same as that of experiment 1, but the DRM list words were presented randomly. This paper investigates the key decoys under the solution of epiphany and non-epiphany, the error recognition rate of irrelevant words and the ratio of "R / P K". Experiment 3 examines the effect of early warning on this effect during the extraction of false memory. Thirty-six college students were included in the study, which was distinguished from experiment one by adding early warning tips before learning DRM list words and using key bait. The false recognition of irrelevant words and the "R / P K" judgment are used to explore the early warning effect of epiphany reconstruction in this dominant effect. The results of experiment 1 show that epiphany has a processing advantage effect in false memory, which shows that epiphany word is the key bait of false memory, and epiphany search word is lower in error recognition rate than that in non-epiphany condition. In experiment 2, after weakening the key decoys in the coding stage of error memory, the epiphany still showed the advantage effect, and the recognition details of the key information errors were reduced. Experiment 3 found that after the early warning was added to the false memory extraction stage, There is no significant difference between the key decoys of epiphany and non-epiphany, but the dominant effect of epiphany memory disappears.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：B842.3

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本文編號：1797318